Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/02699052.2022.2110943

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(有)科学評論社  

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Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100084

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are believed to involve brain regions that are innervated by the dopaminergic pathway. Although dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain deteriorate in Parkinson's disease (PD), it remains unclear whether intrinsic motivation is impaired in PD patients. To address this issue, we investigated intrinsic motivation in PD patients using a task designed to assess the "Pandora effect," which constitutes a curiosity for resolving uncertainty, even if this curiosity is likely to result in negative consequences. Twenty-seven PD patients and 27 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) completed a curiosity task in which they were required to decide either to view or skip negative pictures (e.g., snakes, spiders) and an examination battery that included the Mini-Mental State Examination, a verbal fluency test, the Trail Making Test, 10-word recall tests, and questionnaires for behavioral inhibition/activation and depression. DaTSCAN images to assess the distribution of dopamine transporters in the striatum were acquired only from PD patients. The results revealed that PD patients, relative to the HCs, viewed the pictures less frequently under both the certain and uncertain conditions. However, both the PD patients and HCs viewed the pictures at a higher frequency under the uncertain condition than under the certain condition. In the PD patients, the proportion of pictures viewed under the certain condition was positively correlated with the distribution of dopamine transporters in the striatum. These results suggest that despite the overall decreasing level of interest in viewing negative pictures, the motivation to resolve uncertainty is relatively intact in PD patients.

DOI： 10.1007/s10072-020-04968-4

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Background: As with cognitive function, the ability to recognize emotions changes with age. In the literature regarding the relationship between recognition of emotion and cognitive function during aging, the effects of predictors such as aging, emotional state, and cognitive domains on emotion recognition are unclear. This study was performed to clarify the cognitive functions underlying recognition of emotional facial expressions, and to evaluate the effects of depressive mood on recognition of emotion in elderly subjects, as well as to reproduce the effects of aging on the recognition of emotional facial expressions. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 young (mean age = 20.9 years) and 30 elderly subjects (71.6 years) participated in the study. All subjects participated in face perception, face matching, emotion matching, and emotion selection tasks. In addition, elderly subjects were administered a multicomponent cognitive test: the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat) and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Version. We analyzed these factors using multiple linear regression. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the face perception task, but in the face matching, emotion matching, and emotion selection tasks, elderly subjects showed significantly poorer performance. Among elderly subjects, multiple regression analyses showed that performance on the emotion matching task was predicted by age, emotional status, and cognitive function, but paradoxical relationships were observed between recognition of emotional faces and some verbal functions. In addition, 47% of elderly participants showed cognitive decline in one or more domains, although all of them had total Cognistat scores above the cutoff. Conclusion: It might be crucial to consider preclinical pathological changes such as mild cognitive impairment when testing for age effects in elderly populations.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664367

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder in which individuals experience a difficulty in maintaining event memory for when, where, who, and what. However, verbal deficiency, one of the other symptoms of AD, may prevent a precise diagnosis of event memory because existing tests are based on verbal instructions by the tester and verbal response from patient. Therefore, non-verbal methods are essential to evaluate event memory in AD. The present study, using eye tracking, investigated whether AD patients deployed anticipatory looking to target acts related to future events based on previous experience when an identical video was presented to them twice. The results revealed the presence of anticipatory looking, although AD patients were unable to verbally report the content of the video. Our results illustrate that AD patients have a one-time event memory better than previously thought.

DOI： 10.3389/fneur.2021.642464

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

脳の器質的・機能的な障害によって，失語・失行・失認などの特定の機能障害が生じることが古くから知られているが，まれに感覚の過敏性や芸術性の向上などのように機能の亢進現象として症状が生じる事がある。本シンポジウムでは，過敏性を切り口に，脳の器質的な障害をはじめとして精神疾患，あるいは一般成人の中で見られる各種過敏性について紹介し，心理学や脳科学の視点から議論する予定である。

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.85.0_ss-028

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)医学書院  

＜文献概要＞はじめに 本稿では,地域のリハビリテーションセンターで心理士として高次脳機能障害の方々とかかわる中での経験を通じて,社会参加あるいはその障壁となる本人や家族の心理的側面について,事例と論文のレビューを交えて紹介する.また,社会参加にはさまざまな程度や形態があるが,多くの研究が進められていることからも主に復職(return to work)に焦点を当てることにする.なお,事例は本論の趣旨に問題が生じない範囲で改変している.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

An out-of-body experience (OBE) is a phenomenon whereby an individual views his/her body and the world from a location outside the physical body. Previous studies have suggested that the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), the brain region responsible for integrating multisensory signals, is responsible for OBE development. Here, however, we first present a case of OBE after brain tumour development in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The patient was a 46-year-old right-handed female; she underwent brain surgery. She reported that she had experienced OBEs several times monthly (during daily life) before surgery but never after surgery. She defined her OBEs explicitly; she drew pictures. Her OBEs exhibited phenomenological, overt dissociation of the subjective and objective bodies. We discuss the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the relationship between OBEs and the PCC in terms of anatomical and functional brain connectivity. Our case sheds some light on the mechanism involved in creating spatial (dis)unity between the self and the body.

DOI： 10.1111/jnp.12199

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Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J04871&link_issn=&doc_id=20200312180005&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1416201508&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1416201508&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J00731&link_issn=&doc_id=20191202080013&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.2425201094&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.2425201094&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents certain hallmark features associated with cognitive and social functions, however, the ability to estimate self-generated distance and duration in individuals with ASD are unclear. We compared the performance of 20 ASD individuals with 20 typical developments (TDs) with respect to two tasks: (1) the drawing of a line of a specified distance (10 or 20 cm) and (2) waiting for a specified time (10 or 20 s). We observed that both the line distances and waiting times were substantially shorter in the ASD group than in the TD group. Furthermore, a trait of "attention to detail," as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, correlated with some distance and duration productions observed in individuals with ASD. We suggest that attentional functions are related to the contraction of distance and duration in ASD.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-45250-8

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本学術協力財団  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本臨床神経生理学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J03414&link_issn=&doc_id=20190422340001&doc_link_id=%2Fff2rinsy%2F2019%2F004702%2F001%2F0065-0073%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fff2rinsy%2F2019%2F004702%2F001%2F0065-0073%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Preservation of cranial nerve function in patients with benign tumors such as meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas remains difficult following microsurgery. METHODS: In this study, awake surgery was performed in 22 consecutive patients with meningiomas or vestibular schwannomas that compressed cranial nerves (I-XII). Improved, unchanged, or deteriorated cranial nerve function after surgery was evaluated. RESULTS: The function of 44 cranial nerves in 22 consecutive patients who underwent awake surgery for meningiomas or vestibular schwannomas improved, was unchanged, or deteriorated in eight, 35, and one nerves, respectively. Regarding the function of the olfactory (Ist) nerve, which is difficult to preserve, hyposmia improved after surgery in two patients with olfactory groove meningiomas. Regarding the auditory (VIIIth) nerve, which is also difficult to preserve, the function was improved, unchanged, or deteriorated after surgery in two, 11, and one patients, respectively, with cerebello-pontine angle meningiomas or vestibular schwannomas. In all patients with serviceable auditory function before surgery, function was preserved after surgery. In the same patients, the function of the facial (VIIth) nerve was also preserved after surgery in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that awake surgery for benign brain tumors such as meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas is associated with low patient morbidity regarding cranial nerve function.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.037

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We report on the case of an extraordinary orangutan who spontaneously produced over a thousand drawings in 5 years. This female orangutan, Molly, started drawing when she was estimated to be 50 years old. Although it has been established that great apes spontaneously draw without training, she produced an enormous number of paintings in her old age, and the numbers of lines and colors in her drawings varied from day to day. As her drawings seemed to be affected by her surroundings, we attempted to analyze quantitatively relationships between her drawings and potentially influential factors during a specific period in which no ostensibly major events were observed. According to our results, her drawings were affected by the identity of her keeper, implying that her drawing behavior may have been affected by environmental factors. Thus, drawings may serve as windows to the internal states of non-human primates.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02050

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Lesion studies have shown that the right temporal lobe is crucial for recognition of facial expressions, particularly fear expressions. However, in previous studies, premorbid abilities of the patients were unknown and the effects of epileptic discharge could not be excluded. Herein, we report a case of a patient who underwent assessments of facial recognition before and after brain surgery and exhibited biased recognition of facial expressions. The patient was a 29-year-old right-handed male who underwent an awake craniotomy. Compared with the preoperative assessment, after the surgery, he showed biased recognition of surprised facial expressions, and his ability to recognize other facial expressions either improved or remained unchanged. These findings support the idea that the right temporal lobe is crucial for the recognition of facial expressions of surprise and that functional connectivity between various brain regions plays an important role in the ability to recognize facial expressions.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01908

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is known as self-recognition, whereas delayed self-recognition is the ability to recognize the relationship between current self and past actions. While 3-year-old human children have self-recognition without the ability for delayed self-recognition, 4-year-old human children demonstrate the capability for both. Chimpanzees, the most closely related species to humans, have displayed the ability for delayed self-recognition. However, little is known about whether this ability is shared among all hominid species. In this study, we examined whether orangutans, the most distantly related species to humans within the hominid group, could recognize their own past actions using the preferential-looking paradigm. Our results demonstrated that orangutans were able to discriminate between a delayed video of themselves presented after a 2-s delay and a recorded video of the day prior. This suggests that orangutans have the ability to relate their own past actions to current actions, although we found no evidence of self-directed behaviour. We believe these findings will contribute to our growing understanding of hominid self-recognition.

DOI： 10.1098/rsos.181497

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_ss-098

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wolters Kluwer Health  

Recently, researchers have focused on the embodied sense of self (ESS), which consists of the minimal and narrative selves. Although a study demonstrated that the ESS is related to brain dysfunction empirically, the subjective aspects of the ESS, and a systematic approach to it, have not yet been examined in brain-damaged patients. To examine this, we measured the ESS of patients with brain tumors before and after awake craniotomy.A self-reported questionnaire called the Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS) was used to measure the ESS in patients with brain tumors before and after surgery. For comparison, age-matched controls also completed the ESSS.The ESSS scores of the patients with brain tumors before surgery were higher than those of the controls and improved after surgery. Before surgery, patients with left hemispheric lesions had a poorer ESSS than those with right hemispheric lesions. Episodic memory disturbance was highly correlated with malfunction of narrative self and ownership.Brain lesions were associated with anomalous ESSS, associated with hemispheric laterality and cognitive dysfunction.

DOI： 10.1097/MD.0000000000012156

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：医学書院  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J04871&link_issn=&doc_id=20180622310007&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1416201052&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1416201052&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Lesions of the medio-parietal lobes are linked with topographical and temporal disorientation, and are of interest to understanding mental time. We examined a 39-year-old man who worked as a driving instructor before cerebral hemorrhage, and followed his case for 8 years including neuropsychological testing and brain imaging. The patient had mild anterograde episodic amnesia, but no semantic amnesia. He felt that time passed too quickly, and developed a compulsive routine to compensate, although he was able to count time at a normal speed. Furthermore, he was unable to accurately sketch the layout of his house and to make a cross-reference type timetable for the future. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions of the left anterior-posterior cingulate gyrus, and N-isopropyl-[123I] p-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography showed decreased blood flow mainly of the left medio-parietal lobe.

DOI： 10.1111/ncn3.12166

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Igaku-Shoin Ltd  

The psychological present is a diverse psychological phenomenon, including the perception and evaluation of time, which has been studied from different perspectives. The experience of the psychological present is known to differ according to psychological state and cognitive processes, such as attention. Neuropsychological studies focused on brain-damaged patients have explored several aspects of the present, but few studies have examined the subjective aspect of the phenomenon. In this article, we focus on the subjective aspect of the present in brain-damaged patients and propose that the psychological present is maintained by several brain regions through the integration of multiple information sources.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER WIEN  

Hearing preservation in patients with vestibular schwannomas remains difficult by microsurgery or radiosurgery.
In this study, awake surgery via the retrosigmoid approach was performed for vestibular schwannomas (volume, 11.6 +/- 11.2 ml; range, 1.3-26.4 ml) in eight consecutive patients with preoperative quartering of pure tone audiometry (PTA) of 53 +/- 27 dB.
After surgery, hearing was preserved in seven patients and improved in one patient. The postoperative quartering PTA was 51 +/- 21 dB. Serviceable hearing (class A + B + C) using the American Association of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) classification was preserved in all patients. Preoperative useful hearing (AAO-HNS class A + B) was observed in three patients, and useful hearing was preserved in all three of these patients after surgery. In addition, useful facial nerve function (House-Blackmann Grade 1) was preserved in all patients.
These results suggest that awake surgery for vestibular schwannomas is associated with low patient morbidity, including with respect to hearing and facial nerve function.

DOI： 10.1007/s00701-017-3235-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC  

Introduction We analyzed factors associated with worsened paresis at 1-month follow-up in patients with brain tumors located in the primary motor area (M1) to establish protocols for safe awake craniotomy for M1 lesions.
Methods Patients with M1 brain tumors who underwent awake surgery in our hospital (n = 61) were evaluated before, during, and immediately and 1month after surgery for severity of paresis, tumor location, extent of resection, complications, preoperative motor strength, histology, and operative strategies (surgery stopped or continued after deterioration of motor function).
Results Worsened paresis at 1-month follow-up was significantly associated with worsened paresis immediately after surgery and also with operative strategy. Specifically, when motor function deteriorated during awake surgery and did not recover within 5 to 10 minutes, no deterioration was observed at 1-month follow-up in cases where we stopped surgery, whereas 6 of 13 cases showed deteriorated motor function at 1-month follow-up in cases where we continued surgery.
Conclusion Stopping tumor resection on deterioration of motor function during awake surgery may help prevent worsened paresis at 1-month follow-up.

DOI： 10.1055/s-0036-1586252

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Neuropsychology Association of Japan  

<p>The roles of neuropsychological assessment in patients with neurological disease, especially neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy, headache and dementia are discussed. In the study of neurological disease, hypothesis-test approach is key concept and a test process based on a priori-hypothesis is important for revealing and comprehending a functional deficit, however, making a hypothesis is much more important for clarifying the deficit especially in the daily clinical setting. In addition, not only revealing a deficit but also revealing a strength of neuropsychological profile is also important for patients and carers.</p>

DOI： 10.20584/neuropsychology.33.2_113

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本感性工学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

Background/Aims: Although some patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) exhibit novel or improved skills after the onset of dementia, these changes have yet to be quantified. Therefore, this study systematically explored and identified the emergence of positive behaviours after dementia onset. Methods: This study included 48 carers of patients with PPA: 12 nonfluent/agrammatic PPA (nfvPPA), 22 semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and 14 logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA). The presence and frequency of positive behaviour changes after dementia onset were established using the Hypersensory and Social/Emotional Scale (HSS). Results: Scores on Sensitivity to Details, Visuospatial Activities, and Music Activities differed significantly among the groups. More specifically, svPPA was associated with increased visuospatial activity, but only in the mild stage of the disease; nfvPPA was associated with increased visuospatial activity and decreased music activity, while lvPPA exhibited the reverse profile. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that subsets of PPA patients show novel or increased positive behaviours following dementia onset, and differences among subtypes may be helpful for improving diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, harnessing these skills may improve the quality of life of both patients and carers. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000478852

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Other Link： http://ir.c.chuo-u.ac.jp/repository/search/item/md/rsc/p/9779/

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Willey  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Psychological Association  

Previous research has explored whether the Japanese concept of Indecisiveness is different from western cultures. The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire scale to measure the concept of Japanese Indecisiveness (Yujufudan). In the first study, a factor analysis was carried out using data from 255 college students. Four different factors, "reflection" "procrastination" "referring to others" and "anxiety" were obtained. In the second study, a decision-making task was administered to 55 college students. The scores obtained from the factor analysis in the first study predicted performance on the decision-making task. These results demonstrated the validity and reliability for the Japanese Indecisiveness Scale to measure Japanese Indecisiveness (Yujufudan).

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.87.15227

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  

Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) have been reported in patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders. According to these reports, the patients looked down on their body from overhead. Based on this phenomenon, we adopted a downward perspective in an experimentally induced OBE paradigm and compared responses to an OBE questionnaire (sensations of OBE) with self-location mapping (feelings of body drift). The results revealed a correlation between the sensation of an OBE and self-location under the downward-perspective condition but not under the parallel-perspective condition; however, no significant difference was observed between the two conditions. Thus, the effect of perspective on OBE illusion that has been reported in clinical research of OBE did not affect the results obtained in previous studies inducing OBE.

DOI： 10.1163/22134808-00002523

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOS PRESS  

Background: Anecdotal evidence indicates that some patients with dementia exhibit novel or increased positive behaviors, such as painting or singing, after the disease onset. Due to the lack of objective measures, however, the frequency and nature of these changes has not been formally investigated.
Objective: This study aimed to systematically identify changes in these behaviors in the two most common younger-onset dementia syndromes: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).
Methods: Sixty-three caregivers of patients with dementia (32 caregivers of AD patients and 31 caregivers of bvFTD patients) participated in the study. Caregivers rated the presence and frequency of positive and negative behavior changes after the onset of dementia using the Hypersensory and Social/Emotional Scale (HSS) questionnaire, focusing on three domains: sensory processing, cognitive skills, and social/emotional processing. Six composites scores were obtained reflecting these three domains (two composite scores for each domain). Differences across scores and ratios of increased and decreased behaviors were analyzed between AD and bvFTD, at different disease severity levels.
Results: After disease onset, significant changes in the sensory processing domain were observed across disease severity levels, particularly in AD. Composite scores of the other domains did not change significantly. Importantly, however, some novel or increased positive behaviors were present in between 10% (Music activities) and 70% (Hypersensitivity) of AD and bvFTD patients, regardless of disease severity.
Conclusions: We provide the first systematic investigation of positive behaviors in AD and bvFTD. The newly developed HSS questionnaire is a valid measure to characterize changes and progression of positive behaviors in patients with dementia.

DOI： 10.3233/JAD-160440

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Objective: An awake craniotomy is a safe neurological surgical technique that minimizes the risk of brain damage. During the course of this surgery, the patient is asked to perform motor or cognitive tasks, but some patients exhibit severe sleepiness. Thus, the present study investigated the predictive value of a patient's preoperative neuropsychological background in terms of sleepiness during an awake craniotomy.
Methods: Thirty-seven patients with brain tumor who underwent awake craniotomy were included in this study. Prior to craniotomy, the patient evaluated cognitive status, and during the surgery, each patient's performance and attitude toward cognitive tasks were recorded by neuropsychologists.
Results: The present findings showed that the construction and calculation abilities of the patients were moderately correlated with their sleepiness.
Conclusion: These results indicate that the preoperative cognitive functioning of patients was related to their sleepiness during the awake craniotomy procedure and that the patients who exhibited sleepiness during an awake craniotomy had previously experienced reduced functioning in the parietal lobe. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.10.033

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor & Francis  

Although wandering is a common behavioral problem in patients with dementia, information about wandering in patients with severe dementia is scarce. This study analyzed data about the wandering behavior of a 77-year-old woman with severe frontotemporal dementia. Due to severe atrophy of the anterior cortex, she was totally unable to act spontaneously. Nevertheless, she walked with her husband every day. Her walking pattern varied on a daily basis but it appeared to be random. However, a mathematical analysis showed that her walking pattern was not random. Our case suggests that even patients with severe atrophy in the anterior cortex may be able to orient themselves within their neighborhood if their posterior cortex is preserved.

DOI： 10.1080/13554794.2015.1120313

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Willey  

認知症を伴わない(Mini Mental State Examinationスコア24以上)パーキンソン病患者54名を対象として、運動評価としてUnified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)、遂行機能評価としてBahavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome(BADS)とFrontal Assessment Battery (FAB)を行い、関連性について比較検討した。その結果、BADSサブテストのうちModified Six Elements Test(MSET)と、UPDRSサブスコアの歩行障害との間に強い相関性が認められた。明らかな認知症のないパーキンソン病でも、展望記憶や行動の構成などの遂行機能障害を認め、運動障害、特に歩行障害と関連することが判明したことから、MSETは早期遂行機能障害を評価するのに有用と考えられた。

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: Autobiographical memory is a form of episodic memory characterized by a sense of time and consciousness that enables an individual to subjectively re-experience his or her past. As part of this mental re-enactment, the past is recognized relative to the present. Dysfunction of this memory system may lead to confusion regarding the present perception of time.
Case presentation: Two Japanese women (42 and 55 years old) temporarily believed they were living in their past during a course of autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Their autobiographical memories and behaviour reflected their self-estimated age, and they could not recall memories experienced beyond that age. More surprisingly, their subjective age estimations and autobiographical memories were transiently corrected when they were made aware of their true age. Disorientation, anterograde amnesia, and retrograde amnesia were common additional symptoms. Neuroimaging suggested disturbances in medial temporal and orbitofrontal brain regions in both cases.
Conclusions: This syndrome is characterized by three elements: 1) failure to subjectively recognize the present; 2) inability to suppress irrelevant past memories; and 3) transient restitution of awareness of the present through realization of the individual's true age. We defined this syndrome as 'autobiographical age awareness disturbance', and focused our investigation on the role of age self-awareness. If recall of relevant and suppression of irrelevant past memories are both necessary to subjectively recognize the present relative to the past, dysfunction of medial temporal and orbitofrontal brain regions is predicted to lead to abnormal subjective placement in time. However, the subjective experience of age tends to be an important informational component for retrieving remote autobiographical memories. This suggests that correct age awareness is essential for the proper recognition of the remote past in relation to the present. This is the first report to focus on the relationship between subjective temporal orientation and age self-awareness. While the role of age awareness in this process is still unclear, investigating autobiographical age awareness disturbance as a part of subjective temporal awareness dysfunction can be useful in understanding the processes underlying human time recognition.

DOI： 10.1186/s12883-015-0498-7

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Other Link： http://ir.c.chuo-u.ac.jp/repository/search/item/md/rsc/p/8182/

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015399561

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION  

As dementia progresses, cognitive functions decline in patients, and caregivers and other support staff gradually lose the means to communicate with them. However, some caregivers believe that patients can still recognize their surroundings even when they show akinesis with mutism. In this study, we observed eye movements (preferential-looking paradigm) to detect the presence of residual cognitive functions in a patient with severe frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The subject was a 76-year-old female. At the time of observation, she had lost all spontaneous activities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging showed dense atrophy of the bilateral frontotemporal lobe, but the parieto-occipital lobe was preserved. A preferential-looking paradigm was used in the experiment, whereby two different faces (learned and non-learned) were simultaneously presented to the patient on a TV monitor. As a result, we found no significant differences in looking time between the two faces. However, when the saccade timing to the presented faces was examined, a much longer latency was observed for the right than the left side of the target faces. Even though the patient had lost capacity for spontaneous activity due to severe FTD, we were able to observe partial residual cognitive ability using the eye-movement paradigm.

DOI： 10.3389/fnins.2014.00334

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：医学書院  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015004408

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Many social animals can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar faces. Orangutans, however, lead a semi-solitary life and spend much of the day alone. As such, they may be less adept at recognizing conspecifics and are a good model for determining how social structure influences the evolution of social cognition such as facial recognition. The present study is the first report of whether orangutans can distinguish among individual faces. We adopted a preferential looking method and found that orangutans used facial discrimination to identify known conspecifics. This suggests that frequent and intense social interaction is not necessary for facial discrimination, although our findings were limited by the small number of stimuli and the unequal numbers of male and female orangutans depicted in the stimuli.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0082073

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Scientific Scholar  

DOI： 10.4103/2152-7806.122003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(一社)日本神経学会  

Parkinson病(PD)、軽度認知障害を伴うPD、認知症を伴うPD患者の計61例(男性31例、女性30例、73.4±9.2歳)を対象に、運動機能不全と認知障害の相関を調査した。PD期間は平均6.5±5.0年、Hoehn-Yahrステージは平均2.9±0.9、統一PD評価尺度のパートII+IIIは平均38.5±17.2であった。認知機能はモントリオール認知評価(MoCA)と前頭葉評価バッテリー(FAB)で評価した。一般的な運動機能と姿勢動揺は視空間、遂行、記憶、適応スキルとの有意な相関を示した。無動症は視空間および適応のスキルと有意な相関を示した。姿勢動揺と視空間および適応のスキルの相関は特に強かった。29例は記憶サブスコアが0で、残りの32例では記憶と運動評価の有意な相関はなかった。44例は適応サブセットスコアが6で、残りの17例では一般的な運動機能、無動症、姿勢動揺で適応との有意な負の相関があった。PD患者では運動機能と認知機能が相関しており、これらを別々に評価すべきではないことが示唆された。

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Mental time is the cognitive conscious perception of past, present, and future. In this review we examine the novel research field of the neuropsychology of mental time in five ways. First, we review the mental time of amnesic patients. Second, we review reports of "Chronognosia". Third, we review confabulation associated with disturbance of mental time. Fourth, we present a new syndrome of mental time associated with "age awareness". Finally, we review concepts of prospective memory.

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The anatomic localization of brain functions can be characterized via diffusion tensor imaging in patients with brain tumors and neurological symptoms. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the function of the ventral, arcuate fasciculus (AF) and the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF)-related language pathways using these techniques by analyzing 9 patients treated in our hospital between 2007 and 2011. In cases 1-3, the left ventral pathways, namely, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus or inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, were mainly damaged, and the common dysfunction experienced by these patients was a deficit in object naming. In cases 4-6, the left SLF was mainly damaged, and the common deficit was dysgraphia. In cases 7-9, the left AF was mainly damaged, and almost all language functions related to phonology were abnormal. These results suggest that the left ventral, AF and SLF-related pathways are closely related to visual, auditory and hand-related language function, respectively. Copyright © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

DOI： 10.3109/00207454.2013.765420

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(一社)日本神経学会  

パーキンソン病(PD)とPD+認知症の計50人にMini Mental State Examination(MMSE)、Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA-J)、Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination日本語版(COGNISTAT-J)を行い、MoCA-JとCOGNISTAT-Jがスクリーニングに適しているか検討した。MMSEスコア高値(≧27)の25人中13人はMoCA-Jスコア25以下で、他の12人より視空間、遂行、記憶領域でスコアが有意に低かった。MMSE高値の7人は10のCOGNISTAT-Jサブテスト中4つ以上で障害を認め、他の18人より構成、計算、相似のスコアが低かった。MMSE高値でCOGNISTAT-Jにて障害が4つ以下の患者では、構成と記憶の障害が見られた。PD-軽度認知障害(MCI)では遂行、視空間、記憶能力の障害が見られた。MoCA-JスコアとCOGNISTAT-Jでのサブテストの結果との間に優位な負の相関を認めた。これらの検査はPD-MCIスクリーニングに有用と考えられた。

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Acquired higher brain dysfunction is for the most part due to cerebral vascular disease, but epilepsy may also be a cause. In this study with five patients, we discuss the advantages of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) for persistent higher brain dysfunction. The patients showed chronic amnesia or acute aphasia, with associated symptoms like personality change. All five cases affected automatism or convulsive attack, though only after the emergence of higher brain dysfunction and administration of AEDs. There were underlying diseases like cerebral arteriovenous malformation in four cases, but the other patient had none. Electroencephalogram and single photon emission computed tomography revealed one case of aphasia epilepsy with higher brain dysfunction. These results suggest the potential therapeutic efficacy of AEDs for persistent higher brain dysfunction, and we must differentiate epilepsy with higher brain dysfunction from dementia or cerebral vascular disease.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MANEY PUBLISHING  

Recent investigation suggests that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in the interplay between cognition and emotion. The present study described three patients who underwent removal of brain tumors just above the right dorsal ACC. These patients had residual tumor following surgery and showed anxiety disorder (AD) both before and after surgery. Visual memory or attention was abnormal before surgery in these patients, but these deficits improved following surgery, possibly due to a decrease in compression of the right dorsal ACC. These results suggest that damage to the right dorsal ACC is involved in AD and well as in deficits in visual memory or attention. Therefore, the right dorsal ACC might play a role in vision-related cognition and emotion, such as anxiety.

DOI： 10.1179/1743132812Y.0000000101

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：メディカルレビュー社  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor & Francis  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD  

Although previous studies have confirmed that trained orangutans visually discriminate between mammals and artificial objects, whether orangutans without operant conditioning can discriminate remains unknown. The visual discrimination ability in an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) with no experience in operant learning was examined using measures of visual preference. Sixteen color photographs of inanimate objects and of mammals with four legs were randomly presented to an orangutan. The results showed that the mean looking time at photographs of mammals with four legs was longer than that for inanimate objects, suggesting that the orangutan discriminated mammals with four legs from inanimate objects. The results implied that orangutans who have not experienced operant conditioning may possess the ability to discriminate visually.

DOI： 10.2466/22.24.PMS.114.2.429-432

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD  

Prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, has a history going back to Charcot and Hughlings-Jackson, but was first named by Bodamer in 1947. Its anatomical loci are still unclear. However, progressive prosopagnosia is normally linked to right dominant temporal lobe atrophy, and diagnosed as part of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Here we report a case of prosopagnosia linked to posterior cortical atrophy. Although case reports of posterior cortical atrophy-prosopagnosia do already exist, it is normally described as an accessory symptom. The interest of our own posterior cortical atrophy patient, possibly the first such case, is that he had a rare apperceptive type of prosopagnosia unrelated to the associative, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-type.

DOI： 10.2147/NDT.S30541

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOS PRESS  

Functional neurological changes after surgery combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography can directly provide evidence of anatomical localization of brain function. Using these techniques. a patient with dysgraphia before surgery was analyzed at our hospital in 2011. The patient showed omission of kana within sentences before surgery. which improved after surgery. The brain tumor was relatively small and was located within the primary sensory area (SI) of the interior parietal lobe (IPL). DTI tractography before surgery revealed compression of the branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) by the brain tumor. These results suggest that the left SLF within the S1 of IPL plays a role in the development of dysgraphia of kana omission within sentences.

DOI： 10.3233/BEN-2012-100147

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

Background: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive visual agnosia with posterior cerebral atrophy. We examine the role of the picture naming test and make a number of suggestions with regard to diagnosing PCA as atypical dementia. Methods: We investigated 3 cases of early-stage PCA with 7 control cases of Alzheimer disease (AD). The patients and controls underwent a naming test with real objects and colored photographs of familiar objects. We then compared rates of correct answers. Results: Patients with early-stage PCA showed significant inability to recognize photographs compared to real objects (F = 196.284, p = 0.0000) as measured by analysis of variants. This difficulty was also significant to AD controls (F = 58.717, p = 0.0000). Conclusion: Picture agnosia is a characteristic symptom of early-stage PCA, and the picture naming test is useful for the diagnosis of PCA as atypical dementia at an early stage. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000335589

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Brain imaging studies suggest that panic disorder (PD) is mediated by several brain regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In the present report we describe a patient who experienced a panic attack during awake surgery (case 1) and another patient who developed PD after surgery and radiotherapy (case 2). In case 1, the patient experienced repeated panic attacks when the tumor at the upper border of right dorsal ACC was removed during awake surgery. In case 2, the patient developed PD at six months after surgery and Cyberknife radiotherapy. MRI examination revealed that the dorsal ACC size was reduced at six months after surgery and that the dorsal ACC was absent at two years after surgery, possibly due to radiotherapy-induced damage by radiotherapy. Profile of mood states (POMS) testing characterized the presence of tension anxiety as the common abnormal symptom in cases 1 and 2. In conclusion, these results suggest that damage to the right dorsal ACC can induce PD and that this structure likely plays a pathophysiologic role in PD. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ad.2011.04.029

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MANEY PUBLISHING  

Objectives: Comparison of preoperative and postoperative neurological functions in patients undergoing resection of brain tumors, in combination with data from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies, can provide direct evidence of anatomical localization of brain function. The goal of the present study was to use these techniques to characterize memory function of the right temporal lobe in five patients with right temporal lobe brain tumors.
Methods: Memory function was tested using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) before and after surgery in five patients with right temporal lobe brain tumors. Preoperative DTI was performed in four of five cases.
Results: In all cases, general and verbal memory, including verbal paired association, significantly improved after surgery (P&lt;0.05). The right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) was compressed by the tumor in all cases.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the right temporal lobe plays a role in verbal memory and that this function may be associated with the right ILF.

DOI： 10.1179/1743132811Y.0000000005

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Objective: Some patients with temporal lobe brain tumours show aggressive or escape behaviour during awake surgery. As the amygdala plays a critical role in coping with stress, we evaluated whether the left or right amygdala was involved in aggressive or escape behaviour in six patients undergoing awake surgery for temporal lobe brain tumours.
Methods: Brain tumours were located in the left temporal lobe in cases 1-3 and in the right temporal lobe in cases 4-6. In cases 1, 2, 4 and 5, the tumours invaded the amygdala.
Results: In case 1, the patient showed aggressive behaviour before partial removal of the left amygdala during awake surgery; just after partial removal of left amygdala, the patient was calm and cooperative. In case 2, the patient showed aggressive behaviour when the tumour near the left amygdala was removed. In case 3, the patient showed aggressive behaviour when awakening during awake surgery. In case 4, the patient showed escape behaviour when removal of the tumour near the right amygdala was initiated. In cases 5 and 6, patients showed escape behaviour upon awakening and upon initiation of tumour removal from the temporal lobe.
Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest that left or right temporal lesions might induce aggressive or escape behaviour during awake surgery, respectively, and that the amygdala on the respective side may play a role in these behaviours.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00544.x

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学書院  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：医学書院  

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a degenerative disease characterized by posterior cortical dysfunction, e. g. Bálint syndrome and Gerstmann syndrome
however insight and memory are preserved. The most common neuropsychological symptoms seen in these patients are full blown Bálint syndrome or some components of the syndrome. These patients behave differently from patients with stroke or traumatic injury. Patients with PCA manifesting as severe Bálint syndrome, are almost blind except that they can walk without colliding with obstacles
in contrast patients with stroke or traumatic injury manifesting as Bálint syndrome collide with obstacles. Although a number of studies have reported pathological backgrounds other than Alzheimer disease (AD) in patients with PCA. AD is the most common pathological background observed in such patients. The neuropsychological, morphological, and pathological profiles of patients with PCA differ from those of patients with typical AD. Recently, neuropsychological and pathological studies have reported cognitive diversity in patients with AD
PCA is a variant form of AD. Although the classification of PCAs into different categories might have little value with regard to pharmaceutical therapy, such information is important with regard to the care and support of patients with PCA.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOS PRESS  

Some patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) have shown the development of painting or musical abilities after the onset of the disease. In this report, we present another emergent ability. A female patient with FTLD showing dense atrophy of the bilateral anterior lobes and a loss of voluntary activity in aspects of daily living, presented with the characteristic behaviours when given a paper and a pair of scissors. When a shape was already drawn on the paper, she showed reasonable skills with the scissors, cutting without any hesitation. When she cut a blank piece of paper, she showed quite unique geometrical preferences. Her severely degenerated brain combined with her geometrical abilities suggests that the human brain is naturally affected by geometrical homogeneity.

DOI： 10.3233/BEN-2010-0263

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

DOI： 10.1159/000314899

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：大修館書店  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

In adults, a salient tone embedded in a sequence of nonsalient tones improves detection of a synchronously and briefly presented visual target in a rapid, visually distracting sequence. This phenomenon indicates that perception from one sensory modality can be influenced by another one even when the latter modality provides no information about the judged property itself However, no study has revealed the age-related development of this kind of cross-modal enhancement. Here we tested the effect of concurrent and unique sounds on detection of illusory contours during infancy. We used a preferential looking technique to investigate whether audio-visual enhancement of the detection of illusory contours could be observed at 5, 6, and 7 months of age. A significant enhancement, induced by sound, of the preference for illusory contours was observed only in the 7-month-olds. These results suggest that audio-visual enhancement in visual target detection emerges at 7 months of age. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jecp.2008.07.002

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：医学書院  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Schizophrenia is characterized by a series of serious mental disturbances, including social, cognitive, and emotional dysfunctions. Although motor dysfunctions as well as the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia have been noted since the era of Kraepelin, little attention has been paid to motor dysfunctions until recently. Here, we examined the characteristics of motor dysfunctions and their relationship to other cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Subjects were 27 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 49 healthy volunteers. A series of motor tests, i.e., pegboard, mirror drawing, normal drawing, and finger movement tests, were administered, and cognitive functions were assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised, the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The finger movement test is a novel motor test that we developed to assess motor dexterity independent of motor speed. A stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that the finger movement and delayed recall tests were able to distinguish patients and controls most effectively. The scores of these two tests showed no correlation. Educational level was correlated with the delayed recall score, but not with the finger movement score. A significant difference was observed in the finger movement test score between inpatients and outpatients. There was no significant correlation between dosage of antipsychotic drugs and finger movement score in the patient group. The present results suggest that impairment in motor dexterity is a major characteristic of schizophrenia, which might be independent of cognitive functions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.04.004

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中央大学教育学研究会  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

Background/Aim: Some patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) have been shown to develop painting abilities after the onset of the disease; however, the reported cases have all been in western countries. The purpose of this report was to investigate whether this phenomenon was unique to western countries. Methods: 2 patients participated in this study. They were nonwestern uneducated patients with FTLD, semantic dementia subtype, who developed drawing skills after the onset of the disease. We compared their drawings with drawings in previous reports. Results: The characteristics of their paintings matched those of paintings from previously reported cases despite the cultural differences. Conclusion: These results support the assumption that the appearance of painting skills during this illness is not a reflection of learning, but instead is an expression of innate functions of the brain. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

DOI： 10.1159/000151697

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

Background/Aims: Several studies have reported specific cognitive deficits of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) starting in the early stage; however, these characteristics have not been demonstrated as arising in the middle or late stage of the disease. We report a patient with PCA who exhibited atypical symptoms after the middle stage. Methods:We observed and examined the patient for more than 10 years in clinical and everyday situations. Results: With increasing symptoms, the patient gradually showed blind-like behavior. He could not find a static object even when it was in front of him, but he could see and catch a tossed ball very well. In addition, he could walk and pick up scattered golf balls without colliding with obstacles. Magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography indicated severe degeneration in the white matter of the parietal lobe and lateral occipital region, whereas the primary visual cortex was relatively intact. Conclusion: Several studies have reported specific cognitive deficits in PCA; however, the present results support the conclusion that not only the initial stage but also the middle and late stages of the disease have the potential to disturb specific cognitive systems. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

DOI： 10.1159/000114035

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：金芳堂  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is characterised by recurrent brief episodes of amnesia and atypical amnesic symptoms, known as long-term anterograde amnesia and dense retrograde amnesia. It has been proposed that an antiepileptic drug (AED) can prevent not only epileptiform activity, but also accelerated forgetting. However, there have been no reports regarding the effects of such drugs on retrograde amnesia. We found that an AED prevented accelerated forgetting, but not dense retrograde amnesia, suggesting that accelerated forgetting in TEA was treatable, but retrograde amnesia was an irreversible process.

DOI： 10.1080/13554790701851536

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：医学書院  

This report reviewed recent cases of amusia and drew the following conclusions. First, amusia is an ill-defined condition. The classical definition restricted amusia to musical disorders caused by brain lesions. By the end of the last century, however, some researchers included developmental or innate musical disorders in amusia. Second, although recent case reports were based on the classical schema of amusia, there have been an increasing number of case studies that have described more restricted and specific symptoms, such as receptive amusia for harmony or musical alexia for rhythm notation. Third, although we can now obtain more accurate information about the brain lesions, we have not taken advantage of this information. Traditionally, it has been thought that the pitch element of vocal performance is referred to the right frontal or temporal lobe. Lastly, the relationship between musical function and degenerative disease deserves attention. Degenerative diseases can cause either a musical deficit or, paradoxically, improve musical function. For example, the musical competence of some patients improved after selective atrophy of the left hemisphere. In conclusion, recent ideas concerning the relationship between music and the brain have been derived from patients with brain damage, developmental disorders, and degenerative diseases. However, there is a missing link with respect to amusia. We know a lot about the cognitive aspect of music, but the 'true' function of music from an evolutionary perspective, something that is lacking in amusia, is not known.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中央大学教育学研究会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中外医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中外医学社  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Masson SpA  

Recently, interhemispheric disconnection syndromes have been noted in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) during the performance of certain tasks. However, few studies have demonstrated an asymmetric disconnection syndrome. In this report, we present just such a syndrome in a patient with Ace, who manifested ambidexterity (but with a left-hand tendency) and had high intelligence, no neurological deficits, and no associated malformations. In a comparison with similar subjects (amateur musician), we studied her asymmetric deficits using four tasks: (1) simple reaction time for visual stimuli, (2) paced finger tapping in synchrony with visual or auditory stimuli, (3) paced finger tapping without an external reference, and (4) rhythmical finger tapping in synchrony with visual or auditory stimuli. While the comparable subjects displayed no significant difference between hands, and the patient showed no significant difference between hands in the auditory paradigm, her tapping performance deteriorated significantly when asked to synchronize the left hand with timed visual stimuli, irrespective of whether finger tapping was paced or rhythmical. We believe that this phenomenon constitutes a novel asymmetrical disconnection syndrome in an ACC subject
these results suggest that synchronization of multimodal temporal information was lateralized in the left hemisphere (in this case), which is something that the ACC patient could not compensate for.

DOI： 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70362-9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Previous studies suggested that perceptual memory as indexed by visual priming is normal in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, these studies did not specifically test the long-term effects of visual priming, which may differ significantly between Alzheimer's patients and normal subjects. To test this possibility, we examined long-term visual priming in AD patients, 1 hour, 1 month, and 3 months after training. Our results indicated a significant difference in visual priming between AD patients and normal subjects after 3 months, but not 1 month. For AD patients, there was a strong positive correlation between the 3-month priming effect and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores-severely demented patients were less likely to exhibit priming after 3 months. It appears that severe cortical degeneration may render AD patients unable to consolidate their perceptual memories. Our results suggest that lack of visual priming in AD patients is linked to the inability to maintain fragmented perceptual memories. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.017

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中外医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中外医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中外医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2005037710

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：財団法人先進医薬研究振興財団  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：最新医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Swets & Zeitlinger  

In the process of reading music, the reading of rhythm and pitch might be differentiated, although there is no evidence of this to date. There have been cases of disorders restricted to the reading of pitch, but none in which the disorder has been restricted to the reading of rhythm. We present a case of musical alexia and agraphia with Wernicke's aphasia. An in-depth assessment of the subject's musical reading ability showed that her musical alexia was restricted to unfamiliar melodies. When a melody was divided into rhythm elements and pitch elements, pitch reading was preserved, but rhythm reading was severely disturbed. This is the first case reported of a disorder restricted to rhythm reading, and suggests the independence of rhythm reading and pitch reading.

DOI： 10.1076/neur.9.3.232.15558

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：東京医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：医歯薬出版  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2002183430

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Damage to the left upper parietal lobule causes pure agraphia. However, we experienced a patient who exhibited musical agraphia following such a lesion after the agraphia improved. The patient was a 53-year-old female piano teacher. After surgery, she exhibited agraphia and musical agraphia. There was no expressive amusia, receptive amusia, aphasia, agnosia or apraxia. Fifteen months post-surgery, when her agraphia had resolved, her abilities to read, write, and copy music were evaluated. She could read and write single notes and musical signs, but her ability to write a melody was seriously impaired. Furthermore, the salient impairment was in writing rhythm rather than pitch. She could copy music, but only slowly. We consider her a case of pure musical agraphia. NeuroReport 11:3053-3057 (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

The mechanisms that underly the ability to read and write music remain largely unclear compared to those involved in reading and writing language. We had the extremely rare opportunity to study the cerebral localization of the center for reading and writing music in the case of a professional trombonist. During rehearsal immediately before a concert, he suffered a hemorrhage that was localized to the left angular gyrus, the area that has long been known as the center for the ability to read and write. Detailed tests revealed that he showed symptoms of alexia with agraphia for both musical scores and language. NeuroReport 11:3299-3303 (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本失語症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中外医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本失語症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中央大院生研究機関誌編集委員会  

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Total pages：vi, 248p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：vii, 171p, 図版 [7] p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：167   Responsible for pages：160-163   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：vi, 157p   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：30-32   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：116-118,132-133   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：v, 191p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：421   Responsible for pages：223-234   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：633   Responsible for pages：374-378   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：169   Responsible for pages：113-120   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Total pages：171   Responsible for pages：78-85   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：78-90   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：25-31   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Responsible for pages：203-210   Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J04871&link_issn=&doc_id=20230817190009&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1416202449&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1416202449&type=%E5%8C%BB%E6%9B%B8.jp_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)ワールドプランニング  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本リハビリテーション医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)メディカ出版  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)医学書院  

＜文献概要＞はじめに 本稿では,地域のリハビリテーションセンターで心理士として高次脳機能障害の方々とかかわる中での経験を通じて,社会参加あるいはその障壁となる本人や家族の心理的側面について,事例と論文のレビューを交えて紹介する.また,社会参加にはさまざまな程度や形態があるが,多くの研究が進められていることからも主に復職(return to work)に焦点を当てることにする.なお,事例は本論の趣旨に問題が生じない範囲で改変している.

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J00780&link_issn=&doc_id=20200818170005&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1552202007&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1552202007&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2017323369

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)   Publisher：日本認知心理学会  

選択肢が同じくらい魅力があるとき，最も好ましいものを選択するという教示と最も好ましくないものを選択するという教示はどちらが簡単だろうか。意思決定に対する「捨てる」と「選ぶ」の教示の影響を検討するために選択課題を用いた実験を行った。選択課題は２つの課題から構成された。1つ目の商品選択課題は参加者が10個の選択肢の中から好ましいものを３つ選択した。２つ目の強制三択課題では，「１つ選ぶ」「２つ選ぶ」「１つ捨てる」「２つ捨てる」の４種類の教示をランダムに行い，参加者には商品選択課題で選択した３つから，教示に従い商品を選択した。結果として，「２つ捨てる」は「２つ選択」よりも選択時間が長かった。内観でも「２つ捨てる」は他の３つの教示と比べてより難しいと回答した。これらの結果から，選択肢を捨てることは選ぶよりも心理的負荷が高いことが示唆された。

DOI： 10.14875/cogpsy.2016.0_130

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：KARGER  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育心理学会  

DOI： 10.20587/pamjaep.54.0_101

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本基礎心理学会  

DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00008045569

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Meeting report   Publisher：日本基礎心理学会  

DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00008045546

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DOI： 10.14907/primate.27.0.77.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_WS107

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DOI： 10.14907/primate.26.0.846.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本神経心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Publisher：医学書院  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Chuo University  

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DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00006393908

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.2368

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DOI： 10.14907/primate.25.0.11.0

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008005492

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Book review, literature introduction, etc.   Publisher：中央大学父母連絡会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.71.0_WS029

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Publisher：朝倉書店  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：PSYCHOLOGY PRESS  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：栄光教育文化研究所  

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Event date： 2021.3 　 　

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