Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Marketing Academy  

DOI： 10.7222/marketing.2023.003

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-61698-5

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Other Link： http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61698-5

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.3758/s13423-020-01756-1

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-020-01756-1/fulltext.html

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

When two identical objects on a screen move toward each other, coincide at the center of the screen, and then continue to move along their original trajectories to the opposite starting points, observers perceive these visual stimuli as showing one of the two possible scenarios: streaming through or bouncing off each other (stream/bounce perception). Previous research has shown that when a high-arousal face is presented along with the two moving objects, the bouncing percept was predominant, as compared with when a middle- or low-arousal face is presented. In this study, however, such a modulatory effect of the emotional face was eliminated when participants did not judge stream or bounce and the terms “bouncing/streaming” were not used in the experiments. These results suggest that the modulatory effect of emotional stimuli on the stream/bounce judgment cannot be explained solely by the emotional processing per se but, rather, can be modulated by language-based processing.

DOI： 10.1177/2041669520935925

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/2041669520935925

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

The spatial-musical association of response codes (SMARC) effect, in which a high-pitched (low-pitched) tone facilitates an upper (lower) response, is considered to reflect the spatial coding of sound pitch. However, previous studies have not excluded the directional effects of sound localization. Because a high-pitched (low-pitched) tone is automatically misperceived as originating from a spatially high (low) location, the location of a perceived sound source might artificially elicit the SMARC effect. This study challenged this issue, by demonstrating whether the SMARC effect occurs in response to sound imagery without sound input. To achieve this goal, participants were first trained to associate visual stimuli (novel contoured shapes) with sound pitches (high-pitched or low-pitched pure tones). Subsequently, they elicited the SMARC effect for trained visual stimuli (novel contoured shapes) associated with pitch height. Therefore, the SMARC effect was observed without sound localization but with the activation of sound imagery that was spatial.

DOI： 10.1109/KST48564.2020.9059429

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Humans tasked with pressing a key on a computer keyboard in response to a pitch can respond more quickly to a high-pitched sound by pressing a key higher on the keyboard and to a low-pitched sound by pressing a lower key, compared with the opposite configuration. This so-called spatial–musical association of response codes (SMARC) has been considered to reflect the spatial coding of sound pitch rather than to be an artefact of the verbal labels denoting spatial positions for localising sounds. In this study, we completely excluded the latter possibility, that is, the directional effects of automatic sound localisation on the SMARC effect. We did this by examining whether the SMARC effect occurs without sound; that is, we investigated whether the effect would be elicited by written pitch names alone. We found that when musically trained participants judged pitch height labelled by visually presented word stimuli, the SMARC effect still occurred. This also happened among musically naïve participants when the height of the pitch was explicitly comparable with that of a referential pitch. We also found that musically trained participants exhibited the SMARC effect in response to pitch names even when the indicated pitch height was irrelevant to the task they were asked to perform. These results suggest that the SMARC effect can occur at the semantic level in the absence of sound, clearly excluding the directional effects of automatic sound localisation.

DOI： 10.1177/1747021819838831

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1747021819838831

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ubiquity Press, Ltd.  

Previous research has suggested that oral respiration may disturb cognitive function and health. The present study investigated whether oral respiration negatively affects visual attentional processing during a visual search task. Participants performed a visual search task in the following three breathing conditions: wearing a nasal plug, wearing surgical tape over their mouths, or no modification (oral vs. nasal vs. control). The participants searched for a target stimulus within different set sizes of distractors in three search conditions (orientation vs colour vs conjunction). Experiment 1 did not show any effect due to respiration. Experiment 2 rigorously manipulated the search efficiency and found that participants required more time to find a poorly discriminable target during oral breathing compared with other breathing styles, which was due to the heightened intercept under this condition. Because the intercept is an index of pre-search sensory processing or motor response in visual search, such cognitive processing was likely disrupted by oral respiration. These results suggest that oral respiration and attentional processing during inefficient visual search share a common cognitive resource.

DOI： 10.5334/joc.77

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Publisher：Center for Open Science  

<p>The low reproducibility rate in social sciences has produced hesitation among researchers in accepting published findings at their face value. Despite the advent of initiatives to increase transparency in research reporting, the field is still lacking tools to verify the credibility of research reports. In the present paper, we describe methodologies that let researchers craft highly credible research and allow their peers to verify this credibility. We demonstrate the application of these methods in a multi-lab replication of Bem’s Experiment 1 (1) on extrasensory perception (ESP), which was co-designed by a consensus panel including both proponents and opponents of Bem’s original hypothesis. In the study we applied direct data deposition in combination with born-open data and real-time research reports to extend transparency to protocol delivery and data collection. We also used piloting, checklists, laboratory logs and video documented trial sessions to ascertain as-intended protocol delivery, and external research auditors to monitor research integrity. We found 49.89% successful guesses, while Bem reported 53.07% success rate, with the chance level being 50%. Thus, Bem’s findings were not replicated in our study. In the paper we discuss the implementation, feasibility, and perceived usefulness of the credibility-enhancing methodologies used throughout the project. Plain word summary:This project aimed to demonstrate the use of research methods designed to improve the reliability of scientific findings in psychological science. Using this rigorous methodology, we could not replicate the positive findings of Bem’s 2011 Experiment 1. This finding does not confirm, nor contradict the existence of ESP in general, and this was not the point of our study. Instead, the results tell us that (1) the original experiment was likely affected by methodological flaws or it was a chance finding, and (2) the paradigm used in the original study is probably not useful for detecting ESP effects if they exist. The methodological innovations implemented in this study enable the readers to trust and verify our results which is an important step forward in achieving trustworthy science.</p>

DOI： 10.31234/osf.io/uwk7y

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00515

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/kst.2019.8687675

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0209837

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s00426-017-0869-3

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00426-017-0869-3.pdf

Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02343

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：David Publishing Company  

DOI： 10.17265/2328-2185/2017.05.010

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

It has been reported that visual attention is captured exogenously by faces. This study used pareidolia faces and examined whether subjective perception of a face is sufficient for capturing attention or the registry of an actual face is necessary for attentional capture. Three experiments demonstrated that a completely task-irrelevant face distractor captured attention exogenously, in turn disrupting subsequent target identification in a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm (Experiment 1). However, the task-irrelevant pareidolia face distractor did not cause attentional capture (Experiment 2), although it was perceived as a face (Experiment 3). Thus, the subjective perception of a task-irrelevant face is insufficient to trigger stimulus-driven attentional capture; the registry of an actual face is necessary for attentional capture. The visual system may have a cognitive mechanism preattentively discriminating actual faces from face-like objects.

DOI： 10.1109/KST.2017.7886105

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

DOI： 10.1177/2041669516666550

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/2041669516666550

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

DOI： 10.3389/fnint.2015.00074

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

The present study examined how general trust-a general cognitive bias in belief-is related to voluntary and involuntary attentional orientation. The gaze-cueing effect, a phenomenon by which the visual system directs attention to the spatial location indicated by another's gaze, was used to measure these types of attentional orientation. In Experiment 1, we observed a positive correlation between general trust and the gaze-cueing effect with different cue-target SOAs; general trust was reflected in both voluntary and involuntary attentional orientation triggered by gaze direction. In Experiment 2, the cueing stimulus was not social, and a positive correlation was only observed for voluntary attentional orientation. These results suggest that general trust might be reflected in relatively early cognitive processes regardless of whether it is triggered voluntarily or involuntarily by another's gaze direction. Furthermore, general trust might be differentially related to attentional orientation based on whether or not it is triggered socially.

DOI： 10.1109/KST.2016.7440515

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Psychological Association  

Tversky &amp
Kahneman (1981) reported that most participants decided to drive when they could save money on a low-price good as compared to when they could save on a high-price good, even though the discount prices were same. Although this irrational decision making has been interpreted as a rate-dependent estimation of value (prospect theory), this study newly proposes that it can be explained by the certainty of purchase based on the price of goods. Experiment 1 replicated the previously reported difference in decision making, and additionally demonstrated that participants' certainty of purchase was lower for a high- than a low-price good. When it was emphasized that participants' intention to purchase high- and low-price goods were equally sure, decision making did not significantly differ (Experiment 2). Furthermore, decision making differed based only on the certainty of purchase even when prices of goods were same (Experiment 3). Consumers' decision making may be rather rational, depending straightforwardly on the certainty of purchase that is susceptible to price.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.87.14052

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Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：Springer International Publishing  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-40093-8_13

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Authorship：Lead author,　Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

People feel uncomfortable when someone else comes spatially near and thus encroaches on their personal space (PS). Although many social psychologists have explored characteristics of PS of/between/among individuals so far, there is currently no empirical research on whether the PS of individuals expands into space surrounding their belongings (or objects) that are away from their body. This study measured the spatial distance between bags which participants and confederates left behind, and thus demonstrated that the distance between bags was modulated in response to the interpersonal relationship of their owners. The present study suggests new evidence for expansive PS, which is the concept that an individual's PS expands into space surrounding his/her belongings.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.87.15306

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Authorship：Lead author,　Last author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01558

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Although the insight used to solve a problem seems to emerge unexpectedly, a previous empirical study has shown that insight emerges after people recognize their failure via social comparisons regarding problem-solving outcomes. This study was intended to confirm this conclusion and advance knowledge in this domain. Experiment 1 demonstrated that insight was more strongly influenced by information about the performances of more, rather than fewer, others, which is consistent with the notion of a social impact. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that this influence cannot be explained by socially-modulated manual speed (Experiment 2). These results suggest that insight can be robustly and universally manipulated by social reality.

DOI： 10.1109/KST.2015.7051478

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Intuitively, insight emerges unexpectedly. However, some previous views proposed that insight emerges with a high probability after people recognize their failure in solving a problem. In order to empirically investigate this failure-insight relationship, this study manipulated when participants recognized failure by using social comparison. It presumed that participants who had not yet solved the problem but knew others had already solved it would recognize that their currently adopted strategy was a failure
the timing of this was manipulated in the experiment. As expected, participants who were given a cover story regarding others' fast performance for the T-puzzle completed the same puzzle more successfully, as compared to those who were given a story of others' slow performance. The results suggest that the occurrence of insight was influenced by when participants recognized their failure. Providing social reality information (i.e., others' good/poor performance) might be a method to facilitate or inhibit insightful problem solving.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.83.576

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/13506285.2011.574099

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.12.007

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw  

DOI： 10.2478/v10053-008-0075-3

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2009.00408.x

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s00426-008-0143-9

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-008-0143-9/fulltext.html

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Contingent attentional capture occurs when a stimulus property captures an observer's attention, usually related to the observer's top-down attentional set for target-defining properties. In this study, we examined whether contingent attentional capture occurs for a distractor that does not share the target-defining property at a physical level, but does share that property at an abstract level of representation. In a rapid serial visual presentation stream, we defined the target by color (e.g., a green-colored Japanese kanji character). Before the target onset, we presented a distractor that referred to the target-defining color (e.g., a white-colored character meaning "green"). We observed contingent attentional capture by the distractor, which was reflected by a deficit in identifying the subsequent target. This result suggests that because of the attentional set, stimuli were scanned on the basis of the target-defining property at an abstract semantic level of representation.

DOI： 10.3758/pp.70.4.680

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/PP.70.4.680/fulltext.html

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Orienting attention to a point in time facilitates processing of an item within rapidly changing surroundings. We used a one-target RSVP task to look for differences in accuracy in reporting a target related to when the target temporally appeared in the sequence. The results show that observers correctly report a target early in the sequence less frequently than later in the sequence. Previous RSVP studies predicted equivalently accurate performances for one target wherever it appeared in the sequence. We named this new phenomenon attentional awakening, which reflects a gradual modulation of temporal attention in a rapid sequence.

DOI： 10.1007/s00426-006-0100-4

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-006-0100-4/fulltext.html

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC  

When a visual search for a color oddball is performed, responses to target-present trials are affected by the color of items in immediately preceding target-absent trials, a phenomenon known as the distractor-previewing effect (DPE). Specifically, the color of the items in the target-absent trial suppresses responses to a target of that color in the subsequent trial, even though participants report a target feature uncorrelated with color. We believe that this suppression reflects a transient inhibitory effect on focused attention that biases attention away from items that are of the same color as the items in the target-absent trial. Experiments 1-3 show that the DPE is present only in tasks that require focused attention. Experiments 4A and 4B show that the DPE persists even when target-absent displays are masked. Last, Experiment 5 shows that the DPE emerges as early as within the first 100 msec of a target-present trial and is fully in place by the 250-msec mark.

DOI： 10.3758/PP.70.1.114

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PSYCHOLOGY PRESS  

This study examined whether object-based attentional selection depends on the observer's awareness of objects, using objects defined by perceptual completion. As an indicator of object-based attention, we studied the same-object advantage, where observers respond faster to a target within a cued object than within a noncued object. The same-object advantage was not found in the condition where observers were unaware of the objects (inattentional blindness). On the other hand, the same-object advantage was observed in the condition where observers were aware of the objects. These results suggest that the intensity of object representations can be influenced by observers' awareness of objects, which affects the occurrence of object-based effects. We propose that attention/inattention (or awareness/unawareness) is graded and observers' awareness of the objects might serve to boost an otherwise noisy/low signal representation for obtaining object-based effects.

DOI： 10.1080/13506280601016967

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

The time it takes to respond to an odd-colored target (e.g., a red diamond among green diamonds) is reduced when distracter-colored items in an appropriate geometric configuration (e.g., multiple red diamonds) are previewed in a preceding trial. B. A. Goolsby and S. Suzuki (2002) suggested that this phenomenon, the distracter-previewing effect, occurs because target saliency is increased by global adaptation to the previewed distractors. The present study tested and extended this idea with visual search experiments using color, face, motion, and word stimuli. We found that the distracter-previewing effect can be obtained with all of these stimuli. In particular, we found that the distracter-previewing effect was elicited by prior activation of distractors by word labels, suggesting a high-level locus for the effect.

DOI： 10.1167/4.10.5

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