Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

There exists a threshold-sensitive dynamical transition between uniform and periodic growth modes in the domain growth of ascorbic acid crystals from its aqueous supersaturated solution film. The crystal growth induces solution flow. Humidity controls the fluidity of the solution. The solution flow varies the film thickness. The threshold exists in the thickness of the solution film. If the thickness becomes lower than the threshold, the solution flow and the crystal growth almost stop.

DOI： 10.7566/JPSJ.83.064002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

This letter reports seemingly paradoxical behavior of the average of a lognormal distribution. The authors consider a simple stochastic process given by multiplication of uniform random variables. The central limit theorem ensures that a lognormal distribution is asymptotically a good approximation to the actual distribution. Nevertheless, the average of this approximate distribution deviates from the true value. As a solution to this conflict, the authors clarify that the average is generally not preserved under a nonlinear transformation of a random variable, and this causes the disagreement of the lognormal approximation. Instead of the average, the median is proved to be compatible with such a transformation.

DOI： 10.7566/JPSJ.82.113001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：academic journals  

DOI： 10.5897/AJMR12.1102

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Language：English   Publisher：日本細菌学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

Complex systems have recently attracted much attention, both in natural sciences and in sociological sciences. Members constituting a complex system evolve through nonlinear interactions among each other. This means that in a complex system the multiplicative experience or, so to speak, the history of each member produces its present characteristics. If attention is paid to any statistical property in any complex system, the lognormal distribution is the most natural and appropriate among the standard or "normal" statistics to overview the whole system. In fact, the lognormality emerges rather conspicuously when we examine, as familiar and typical examples of statistical aspects in complex systems, the nursing-care period for the aged, populations of prefectures and municipalities, and our body height and weight. Many other examples are found in nature and society. On the basis of these observations, we discuss the possibility of sociological physics.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.80.072001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

We have experimentally investigated size distribution of bacterial cells at the circumference of homogeneously spreading disk-like colonies formed by Bacillus subtilis, and found that the size distribution of bacterial cells shows lognormal. We have developed a phenomenological model based on the experimental results for the growth process of bacterial cells and confirmed that the model reproduces a lognormal distribution of bacterial cell size which is very close to our experimental result. Our results indicate that both the lognormal distributions of cell cycle and cell growth rate are essential for the lognormal distribution of bacterial cell size.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.79.094002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

We have studied the morphological diversity and change in bacterial colonies, using the bacterial species Escherichia coli, as a function of both agar concentration C-a and nutrient concentration C-n. We observed various colony patterns, classified them into four types by pattern characteristics and established a morphological diagram by dividing it into four regions. They are regions A [diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA)-like], B (Eden-like), C (concentric-ring), and D (fluid-spreading). In particular, we have observed a concentric-ring colony growth for E. coli. We focused on the periodic growth in region C and obtained the following results: (i) A colony grows cyclically with the growing front repeating an advance (migration phase) and a momentary rest (consolidation phase) alternately. (ii) The growth width L and the bulge width W in one cycle decrease asymptotically to certain values, when C-a is increased. (iii) L does not depend on C-n, while W is an increasing function of C-n. Plausible mechanisms are proposed to explain the experimental results, by comparing them with those obtained for other bacterial species such as Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.78.074005

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

Polar flagellated Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 demonstrated extensive spreading growth in 2 days on 1.5% agar medium. Such spreading growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 strains was absent on Luria-Bertani 1.5% agar medium, but remarkable on Davis minimal synthetic agar medium (especially that containing 0.8% sodium citrate and 1.5% Eiken agar) under aerobic 37 degrees C conditions. Analyses using isogenic mutants and complementation transformants showed that bacterial flagella and rhamnolipid contributed to the surface-spreading behavior. On the other hand, a type IV pilus-deficient pilA mutant did not lose the spreading growth activity. Flagella staining of PAO1 T cells from the frontal edge of a spreading colony showed unipolar and normal-sized rods with one or two flagella. Thus, the polar flagellate P. aeruginosa PAO1 T appears to swarm on high-agar medium by producing biosurfactant rhamnolipid and without differentiation into an elongated peritrichous hyperflagellate.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01057.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The formation of concentric ring colonies by bacterial species Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis has been investigated experimentally, focusing our attention on the dependence of local cell density upon the bacterial motility. It has been confirmed that these concentric ring colonies reflect the periodic change of the bacterial motility between motile cell state and immotile cell state. We conclude that this periodic change is macroscopically determined neither by biological factors (i.e., biological clock) nor by chemical factors (chemotaxis as inhibitor). And our experimental results strongly suggest that the essential factor for the change of the bacterial motility during concentric ring formation is the local cell density. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physd.2004.12.013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology  

Characteristic patterns of expansion were generated by bacterial cell populations of Serratia marcescens on media with different concentrations of nutrient and agar. These patterns were classified as Eden-like, dense-branching-morphology-like, flower-like, concentric ring-like and diffusion-limited aggregation-like. Although flower-like was specific to Serratia marcescens, the other patterns were exhibited by Bacillus subtilis. Through macro- and microscopic tracing of the processes generating these patterns, physico-chemical principles of bacterial growth, collaborative and independent properties of bacteria, structural organization for population expansion, and the division of labor among bacterial cells (i.e., wall composer, pressure generator, and logistic supporter) were brought to light. © 2005, Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology &amp
The Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1264/jsme2.20.120

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

The formation of concentric ring-like colonies by bacterial species Bacillus subtilis has been investigated, focusing our attention on the effect of local cell density upon the bacterial motility: (i) Neither any chemicals nor a pacemaker at the center of the ring takes part in the concentric ring formation. (ii) Phase entrainment between two colonies having different phase of concentric ring does not occur. (iii) From the measurement of lag-phase time when varying the initial cell density, the start of the first migration phase is found to depend on the cell density. (iv) When cutting the part of a colony which is behind a migration phase just after the start of migration, the migration phase becomes shorter. On the other hand, the following consolidation phase becomes longer. (v) By the replica-printing method, active bacteria move collectively from inside to outside of the outermost consolidation terrace. Our present experimental results are qualitatively consistent with the results of the other bacterial species P. mirabilis, although the individual cell motility is quite different from each other. The present results suggest that the essential factor of the change of the bacterial motility of B. subtilis during concetric ring formation is the local cell density.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.73.1082

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

Spatio-temporal patterns emerged inside a colony of bacterial species Proteus mirabilis on the surface of nutrient-rich semisolid agar medium have been investigated. We observed various patterns composed of the following basic types: propagating stripe, propagating stripe with fixed dislocation, expanding and shrinking target, and rotating spiral. The remarkable point is that the pattern changes immediately when we alter the position for observation, but it returns to the original if we restore the observing position within a few minutes. We further investigated mesoscopic and microscopic properties of the spatiotemporal patterns. It turned out that whenever the spatio-temporal patterns are observed in a colony, the areas are composed of two superimposed monolayers of elongated bacterial cells. In each area they are aligned almost parallel with each other like a two-dimensional nematic liquid crystal, and move collectively and independently of another layer. It has been found that the observed spatio-temporal patterns are explained as the moire effect.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.71.650

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

We have investigated the periodic colony growth of bacterial species Bacillus subtilis. A colony grows cyclically with the interface repeating an advance (migration phase) and a rest (consolidation phase) alternately on a surface of semi-solid agar plate under appropriate environmental conditions, resulting in a concentric ring-like colony. It was found from macroscopic observations that the characteristic quantities for the periodic growth such as the migration time, the consolidation time and the terrace spacing do not depend so much on nutrient concentration C-n, but do on agar concentration C-a. The consolidation time was a weakly increasing function of C-a, while the migration time and the terrace spacing were, respectively, weakly and strongly decreasing function of C-a. Overall, the cycle (migration-plus-consolidation) time seems to be constant, and does not depend so much on both C-n and C-a. Microscopically, bacterial cells inside the growing front of a colony keep increasing their population during both migration and consolidation phases. It was also confirmed that their secreting surfactant called surfactin does not affect their periodic growth qualitatively, i.e., mutant cells which cannot secrete surfactin produce a concentric ring-like colony. All these results suggest that the diffusion of the nutrient and the surfactin are irrelevant to their periodic growth.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.70.911

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY  

Proteus mirabilis forms a concentric-ring colony by undergoing periodic swarming. A colony in the process of such synchronized expansion was examined for its internal population structure. In alternating phases, i.e., swarming (active migration) and consolidation (growth without colony perimeter expansion), phase-specific distribution of cells differing in length, in situ mobility, and migration ability on an agar medium were recognized. In the consolidation phase, the distribution of mobile cells was restricted to the inner part of a new ring and a previous terrace. Cells composing the outer part of the ring were immobile in spite of their ordinary swimming ability in a viscous solution. A sectorial cell population having such an internal structure was replica printed on fresh agar medium. After printing, a transplant which was in the swarming phase continued its ongoing swarming while a transplanted consolidation front continued its scheduled consolidation. This shows that cessation of migration during the consolidation phase was not due to substances present in the underlying agar medium. The ongoing swarming schedule was modifiable by separative cutting of the swarming front or disruption of the ring pattern by random mixing of the pattern-forming cell population. The structured cell population seemed to play a role in characteristic colony growth. However, separation of a narrow consolidation front from a backward area did not induce disturbance in the ongoing swarming schedule. Thus, cells at the frontal part of consolidation area were independent of the internal cell population and destined to exert consolidation and swarming with the ongoing ordinary schedule.

DOI： 10.1128/JB.182.2.385-393.2000

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We have experimentally investigated periodic pattern formation produced by bacterial species Proteus mirabilis, which forms concentric-ring-like colonies by repeating migration and rest alternately on the surface of a solid agar medium. We distinguish three phases (initial lag phase, the following migration and consolidation phases that appear alternately) for the colony growth. Here we mainly used physical approaches in order to try to understand the formation of concentric-ring-like colonies, such as cutting the part of a colony during its growth. Global chemical signals governing the colony formation from the center were not found. We also checked phase entrainment quantitatively by letting two colonies collide with each other and confirmed that it does not take place in macroscopic scales. When ive cut a colony just behind the migrating front shortly after the migration started, the migration ended earlier and the following consolidation lasted longer. However, the following cycles were not influenced by the cut, i.e., the following migration and consolidation phases were both found to return normal. The cut results in the stop of supply of cell population to the migrating front by internal waves. In fact the cell population on the new terrace during the first migration after the cut was less than that without cut. Furthermore, the cell population density was found to be recovered to the ordinary value by the end of the consolidation. All these experimental results suggest that the most important factor for the repetition of migration and consolidation phases is the cell population density.

DOI： 10.1143/PTPS.139.139

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Bacterial species Bacillus subtilis is known to exhibit various colony patterns, such as diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA)-like, compact Eden-like, dense branching morphology (DBM)-like, concentric ring-like and disk-like, depending on the substrate softness and nutrient concentration. We have established the morphological diagram of colony patterns, and examined and characterized both macroscopically and microscopically how they grow. For instance, we have found that there seem to be two kinds of bacterial cells; active and inactive cells, the former of which drive colony interfaces outward, The active cells are particularly distinguished from the inactive ones at the tips of growing branches of a DBM-like colony as the characteristic fingernail structure, We have also found that the concentric ring-like colony is formed as a consequence of alternate repetition of advancing and resting of the growing interface which consists of active cells. Based on our observations, we have constructed a phenomenological but unified model which produces characteristic colony patterns. It is a reaction-diffusion type model for the population density of bacterial cells and the concentration of nutrient. The essential assumption is that there exist: two types of bacterial cells; active cells that move actively, grow and perform cell division, and inactive ones that do nothing at all. Our model is found to be able to reproduce globally all the colony patterns seen in the experimentally obtained morphological diagram, and is phenomenologically quite satisfactory, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00328-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

We have experimentally investigated pattern formation of colonies of bacterial species Proteus mirabilis, which is famous for forming concentric-ring-like colonies. The colony grows cyclically with the interface repeating an advance and a stop, alternately on a surface of a solid agar medium. We distinguish three phases (initial lag phase, the following migration and consolidation phases that appear alternately) for the colon!: growth. When we cut a colony just behind a migrating front shortly after the migration started, the migration ended earlier and the following consolidation lasted longer. However, the following cycles were not influenced by the cut, i.e., the phases of the migration and consolidation were not affected. Global chemical signals governing the colony formation from the center were not found to exist. We also quantitatively checked phase entertainment Ly letting two colonies collide with each other and found trial it does not take place in macroscopic scales. All these experimental results suggest that the most important factor for the migration is the cell population density.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.68.1436

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

We have investigated experimentally the pattern formation of bacterial colonies. We have especially examined DBM (dense-branching-morphology)-like colonies of bacterial species Bacillus subtilis. It was found from microscopic observations that many active bacterial cells collect and make a group on the tip of each growing branch. Branches repel each other and split sometimes as they sow outward. It was confirmed macroscopically that both averaged branch width [width] and averaged branch gap [gap] decrease systematically when increasing the nutrient concentration C-n, while their ratio remains unchanged with the approximate value of one. It was also found that the distribution of branch lengths is very close to exponential, suggesting that the tip-splitting of branches takes place at random.

DOI： 10.1143/jpsj.67.3630

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Bacterial species Bacillus subtilis is known to exhibit various colony patterns, depending on the substrate softness and nutrient concentration. We have examined the self-affinity and roughness exponent a for growing interfaces of colonies which belong to regions B (Eden-like) and D (disk-like) in the morphological phase diagram of this species. We have obtained alpha similar or equal to 0.78 and 0.50 in the regions B and D, respectively, and found that the difference of alpha values can be attributed to that of microscopic growth mechanisms of colony interfaces. We have also proposed a unified model which produces characteristic colony patterns observed in our experiments. It is a diffusion-reaction-type model for the population density of bacterial cells and the concentration of nutrient. The essential assumption is that there exist two types of bacterial cells; active and inactive. Our model is found to be able to globally reproduce all the colony patterns in the phase diagram. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00511-6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：World Scientific, Singapore  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：World Scientific, Singapore  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

We have investigated experimentally the self-affinity of bacterial colonies. We examined roughness exponent alpha for one-dimensional growing interfaces of colonies which belong to regions B and D in the morphological phase diagram of bacterial species Bacillus subtilis. Although macroscopically compact colony patterns are obtained in both B and D regions, microscopic growth mechanisms of their colony interfaces are quite different from each other. In the region B where the colony interface consists of many chains of bacterial cells that lie almost side by side and advances with clear long-range lateral correlations, we obtained alpha similar or equal to 0.78 +/- 0.02. In the region D, however, where the interface is made of individual cells and advances rather locally through random pushes due to active movement of individual cells inside the colony, the value of alpha similar or equal to 0.50 +/- 0.01 was obtained. The difference of values of the exponent alpha was thus found to be clearly attributed to that of microscopic growth mechanisms of colony interfaces.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.66.67

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

Morphological changes of colonies have been investigated for a bacterial strain of Proteus mirabilis, which is a famous species for producing concentric-ring-like colonies. It was found that colony patterns can be classified into three types, i.e., cyclic spreading, diffusion-limited growth (DLA-like) and three-dimensional growth (inside the agar medium) patterns. Cyclic spreading patterns can further be classified into three subgroups, i.e., concentric-ring, homogeneous and spatiotemporal patterns. These subgroups were classified by examining the development of colony structure after colonies spread all over petri-dishes. Comparison of the results with those of another bacterial species Bacillus subtilis is also discussed.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.65.2700

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ADDISON-WESLEY PUBL CO  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：World Scientific, Singapore  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOCIETY JAPAN  

Based on microscopic observations, a reproducible random-walker model is presented to simulate the growth of a bacterial colony. Random walkers expand their territory by pushing the wall surrounding their colony. Numerical studies revealed that the model can explain our experimental results obtained using the bacteria species Bacillus subtilis.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.63.3230

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN  

We have investigated the dynamics of a two-dimensional spreading of a bacterial population in a surface environment. After point inoculation of flagellated bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) on nutrient-rich semi-solid medium, the bacterial population grew up by multiplication and translocation of cells, and developed a homogeneous round colony. By comparing experimental results with those of numerical simulations of the model equation, we found that this homogeneous population growth of bacteria is an actual manifestation of growth dynamics described by the Fisher's equation.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.63.1205

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Physical Society of Japan (JPS)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人日本物理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Kyoto University  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2433/64611

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Kyoto University  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2433/64610

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Physical Society of Japan (JPS)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：物性研究刊行会  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2433/94965

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本研究では、世界各国のCOVID19感染者数データに着目し，統計物理学的な立場より解析を行った。その結果、累積感染者数分布は概ね対数正規分布に従うが、2020年11月頃より分布の裾野がべき分布的に振る舞うことが確認された。その原因として、分布の裾野の国の感染率分布において、これ以上大きくならない閾値（最大値）が存在することが示唆された。

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道路に囲まれた土地の面積分布はドイツの主要20都市についてべき乗分布に従うことが報告されている。一方、日本では東京23区について江戸時代と明治時代について、対数正規分布に従うことが報告されている。本研究では、東京浅草を起点とし、周辺にかけて面積分布がどのように変化していくかを調べた。その結果、東京浅草の分布は面積の小さい領域では対数正規的に、面積の大きい裾野の領域ではべき的に振る舞いうことを確認した。そして、周辺にいくにしたがって、分布は全体的に対数正規分布に従うようになっていることを確認した。

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ガラス棒の破壊における破片質量分布は落下高さにより変化することが知られている。今回は落下を繰り返すことによる分布の変化について調べた。

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棒状の菌B. subtilisは寒天培地上に作成した円形プール内において様々な振る舞いを示す。その振る舞いはプールの直径に対する菌体長の比λとプール内の菌密度ρに依存するとされており、特にλについては二つの閾値の存在が定性的に確認されている。今回その内の大きい方の閾値について、トラッキングとPIVを用い、菌単体と集団における周方向秩序パラメータを定義した。その結果秩序パラメータの急激な変化が確認された。

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Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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