Updated on 2025/09/12

写真a

 
KAMIMURA Shinji
 
Organization
Faculty of Science and Engineering Professor
Other responsible organization
Biological Sciences Course of Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Master's Program
Biological Sciences Course of Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doctoral Program
Contact information
The inquiry by e-mail is 《here》
Homepage
http://www.bio.chuo-u.ac.jp/nano/
Profile
Interested in the molecular mechanisms of cell motility. In particular, in the structural background of motor proteins and cytoskeleton, and their evolutionary meaning. i.e., how the polypeptide components and their molecular configurations are optimized for their specific functions. Every molecular domain and its configuration dynamics should have its own meaning, which I would like to understand through a series of original experiments in the field of biophysics and cell physiology.
External link

Degree

  • 理学博士 ( 東京大学 )

  • 理学修士 ( 東京大学 )

Education

  • 1983.3
     

    The University of Tokyo   Graduate School, Division of Science   Department of Biological Sciences   doctor course   completed

  • 1980.3
     

    The University of Tokyo   Graduate School, Division of Science   master course   completed

  • 1978.3
     

    The University of Tokyo   Faculty of Science   Department of Biology   graduated

Research History

  • 2012.7 - 2012.9

    鳥取大学大学院 工学研究科 機械宇宙工学専攻 非常勤講師

  • 2012.7 - 2012.9

    鳥取大学大学院 工学研究科 機械宇宙工学専攻 非常勤講師

  • 2005.4 - 2012.3

    お茶の水女子大学 大学院理学系研究科 非常勤講師

  • 2005.4 - 2012.3

    お茶の水女子大学 大学院理学系研究科 非常勤講師

  • 2011.4 - 2011.9

    東京大学理学部 非常勤講師   Faculty of Science

  • 2006.4 - 2011.3

    日本女子大学 理学部 非常勤講師   Faculty of Science

  • 2008.4 - 2009.3

    名古屋大学 工学系研究科 非常勤講師

  • 2008.4 - 2009.3

    名古屋大学 工学系研究科 非常勤講師

  • 2008.4 - 　

    Professor at the Department of Biological Sciences Chuo University

  • 2008.4 - 　

    ～ 中央大学 理工学部 教授

  • 2008.4 - 　

    - Professor at the Department of Biological Sciences Chuo University

  • 2007.4 - 2008.3

    "Associated professor at the Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo"   Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

  • 2007.4 - 2008.3

    Associated professor at the Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo

  • 1998.4 - 2007.3

    東京大学 大学院総合文化研究科 助教授

  • 2003.10 - 2004.3

    筑波大学生物科学系 非常勤講師   Institute of Biological Sciences

  • 2003.4 - 2003.9

    名古屋大学工学系研究科 非常勤講師

  • 2003.4 - 2003.9

    名古屋大学工学系研究科 非常勤講師

  • 1992.4 - 1998.3

    "Associated professor at the Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo"

  • 1992.4 - 1998.3

    Associated professor at the Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo

  • 1990.9 - 1992.3

    HFSP Long-Term Fellowships (LTF)

  • 1990.9 - 1992.3

    . HFSP Long-Term Fellowships (LTF)

  • 1985.4 - 1992.3

    "Assistant at the Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo"

  • 1985.4 - 1992.3

    Assistant at the Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo

  • 1985.4 - 1990.3

    放送大学 東京学習センター 非常勤講師

  • 1983.4 - 1985.3

    "Research fellow at ERATO-project, Bioholonics Project of Research Development Corporation of Japan"

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Professional Memberships

  • Zoological Society of Japan

  • 日本生物物理学会

  • Biophysical Society (USA)

  • エアロアクアバイオメカニズム学会

  • Zoological Society of Japan

  • Biophysical Society (USA)

  • Society of Aero Aqua Biomechanism

  • Zoological Society of Japan

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Research Interests

  • "flagella, cilia, microtubules, cell motility, cytoskeleton, dynein, signal transduction, primary cilia"

  • 構造生物学

  • Cell physiology

  • Structural Biology

  • ダイニン

  • 細胞骨格

  • 鞭毛

  • 微小管

  • 細胞運動

  • 繊毛

  • プライマリ繊毛

  • Cell physiology

  • シグナル伝達

  • signal transduction

  • primary cilia

  • cytoskeleton

  • dynein

  • microtubules

  • cell motility

  • flagella

  • cilia

Research Areas

  • Life Science / Cell biology  / Cell biology

  • Life Science / Cell biology  / Cell physiology

  • Life Science / Structural biochemistry  / Structural biology

  • Nanotechnology/Materials / Nanobioscience

  • Life Science / Biophysics  / Biophysics

  • Nanotechnology/Materials / Nanomaterials

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Papers

  • Heterodimeric Ciliary Dynein f/<scp>I1</scp> Adopts a Distinctive Structure, Providing Insight Into the Autoinhibitory Mechanism Common to the Dynein Family

    Yici Lei, Akira Fukunaga, Hiroshi Imai, Ryosuke Yamamoto, Rieko Shimo‐Kon, Shinji Kamimura, Kaoru Mitsuoka, Takako Kato‐Minoura, Toshiki Yagi, Takahide Kon

    Cytoskeleton   2025.1

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    Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

    ABSTRACT

    Dyneins are huge motor protein complexes that are essential for cell motility, cell division, and intracellular transport. Dyneins are classified into three major subfamilies, namely cytoplasmic, intraflagellar‐transport (IFT), and ciliary dyneins, based on their intracellular localization and functions. Recently, several near‐atomic resolution structures have been reported for cytoplasmic/IFT dyneins. In contrast, the structures of ciliary dyneins, as well as their regulatory mechanisms, have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we isolated a heterodimeric ciliary dynein (IDA‐f/I1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a ciliated green alga, and studied its structure in the presence or absence of ATP by negative‐stain electron microscopy and single‐particle analysis. Surprisingly, a population of IDA‐f adopted a distinctive compact structure, which has been scarcely reported for ciliary dyneins but is very similar to the “phi‐particle” structure widely recognized as the autoinhibited/inactivated conformation for cytoplasmic/IFT dyneins. Our results suggest that the inactivation mechanism of dimeric dyneins is conserved in all three dynein subfamilies, regardless of their cellular functions, highlighting the intriguing intrinsic regulatory mechanism that may have been acquired at an early stage in the evolution of dynein motors.

    DOI： 10.1002/cm.21987

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  • Structural insight into the stabilization of microtubules by taxanes

    Andrea E Prota, Daniel Lucena-Agell, Yuntao Ma, Juan Estevez-Gallego, Shuo Li, Katja Bargsten, Fernando Josa-Prado, Karl-Heinz Altmann, Natacha Gaillard, Shinji Kamimura, Tobias Mühlethaler, Federico Gago, Maria A Oliva, Michel O Steinmetz, Wei-Shuo Fang, J Fernando Díaz

    eLIFE   2023.3

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.7554/eLife.84791

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  • Chemical modulation of microtubule structure through the laulimalide/peloruside site. Reviewed International journal

    Juan Estévez-Gallego, Beatriz Álvarez-Bernad, Benet Pera, Christoph Wullschleger, Olivier Raes, Dirk Menche, Juan Carlos Martínez, Daniel Lucena-Agell, Andrea E Prota, Francesca Bonato, Katja Bargsten, Jelle Cornelus, Juan Francisco Giménez-Abián, Peter Northcote, Michel O Steinmetz, Shinji Kamimura, Karl-Heinz Altmann, Ian Paterson, Federico Gago, Johan Van der Eycken, J Fernando Díaz, María Ángela Oliva

    Structure (London, England : 1993)   31 ( 1 )   88 - 99   2023.1

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Taxanes are microtubule-stabilizing agents used in the treatment of many solid tumors, but they often involve side effects affecting the peripheral nervous system. It has been proposed that this could be related to structural modifications on the filament upon drug binding. Alternatively, laulimalide and peloruside bind to a different site also inducing stabilization, but they have not been exploited in clinics. Here, we use a combination of the parental natural compounds and derived analogs to unravel the stabilization mechanism through this site. These drugs settle lateral interactions without engaging the M loop, which is part of the key and lock involved in the inter-protofilament contacts. Importantly, these drugs can modulate the angle between protofilaments, producing microtubules of different diameters. Among the compounds studied, we have found some showing low cytotoxicity and able to induce stabilization without compromising microtubule native structure. This opens the window of new applications for microtubule-stabilizing agents beyond cancer treatment.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.str.2022.11.006

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  • Alternative Approaches to Understand Microtubule Cap Morphology and Function Invited

    Oliva, M.A, Gago, F, Kamimura, S, Díaz, J.F

    ACS Omega   2023.1

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.1021/acsomega.2c06926

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  • Metabolomic profiling upon external digestion in larvae of diving beetles: Cybister Curtis, 1827, Dytiscus Linnaeus, 1758, and Hydaticus Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Reviewed

    Toshio Inoda, Shinji Kamimura

    Aquatic Insects   2022.9

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.1080/01650424.2022.2076883

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  • GTP-dependent formation of straight tubulin oligomers leads to microtubule nucleation Reviewed International journal

    Rie Ayukawa, Seigo Iwata, Hiroshi Imai, Shinji Kamimura, Masahito Hayashi, Kien Xuan Ngo, Itsushi Minoura, Seiichi Uchimura, Tsukasa Makino, Mikako Shirouzu, Hideki Shigematsu, Ken Sekimoto, Benoît Gigant, Etsuko Muto

    Journal of Cell Biology   220 ( 4 )   e202007033   2021.4

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.1083/jcb.202007033

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  • GTP-Dependent Formation of Straight Oligomers Leads to Nucleation of Microtubules

    Etsuko Muto, Rie Ayukawa, Seigo Iwata, Hiroshi Imai, Shinji Kamimura, Ken Sekimoto, Gigant Benoit

    BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL   120 ( 3 )   12A - 12A   2021.2

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  • SAXS Signals from Double-Stranded DNA under Shear-Flow Conditions Reviewed

    Yosuke Fujita, Takako Kato-Minoura, Longo Alessandro, Yuko Wada, Toshiki Yagi, Hiroyuki Iwamoto, Ritsu Kamiya, Shinji Kamimur

    SPring-8 Section A: Scientific Research Report   8 ( 3 )   2020.10

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JASRI  

    SAXS signals from the DNA of salmon spermatozoa in an aqueous solution were analyzed using a rheometer-device, which controlled the rate of shearing during SAXS observations. When shearing rate > 1000 s−1 was applied to the DNA suspension, DNA strands were not aligned as observed with other biological filaments, but a stable diffraction peak approximately ranging 1.7–1.8 [nm−1] of Q-values were observed. We compared our observation with simulated SAXS signals.

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  • Development of phase-contrast/dark-field microscopy with scanning laser illumination Reviewed

    Tsuyoshi SATO, Tomotaka SHIRANE, Yuuko WADA, Hiroshi IMAI, Shinji KAMIMURA

    Journal of the Institute of Science and Engineering. Chuo University   2019 ( 25 )   93 - 103   2020.3

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    Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Chuo Uiversity  

    In this study, we designed a novel optics to scan laser light on the front focal plane of condenser lens, i.e., aperture plane, that is, with light sources placed optically at an optically infinite distance from specimens. Diatom standard specimens were used for the observation in both the phase contrast image and the dark field microscopy, and we could reduce speckle noise under applicable magnitude. Although we could not solve the problem of biased brightness of illumination depending on specimen angles, the new optics presented here is expected to be useful for the observation of fine structures with high image brightness.

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  • Structural model for differential cap maturation at growing microtubule ends Reviewed International journal

    Juan Estevez-Gallego, Fernando Josa-Prado, Siou Ku, Ruben M. Buey, Francisco A. Balaguer, Andrea E. Prota, Daniel Lucena-Agell, Christina Kamma-Lorger, Toshiki Yagi, Hiroyuki Iwamoto, Laurence Duchesne, Isabel Barasoain, Michel O. Steinmetz, Denis Chretien, Shinji Kamimura, J. Fernando Diaz, Maria A. Oliva

    ELIFE   9   e50155   2020.3

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.7554/eLife.50155

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  • 分子モーター研究の新しい方向 キネシンによる微小管の構造変化

    島 知弘, 森川 真夏, 金城 純一, 神原 丈敏, 上村 慎治, 八木 俊樹, 岩本 裕之, 市村 垂生, 渡邉 朋信, 上村 想太郎, 仁田 亮, 岡田 康志, 廣川 信隆

    日本細胞生物学会大会講演要旨集   69回   39 - 39   2017.5

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    Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本細胞生物学会  

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  • 1P143 Paclitaxel induces the quick elongation of tubulin dimer periodicity in microtubules(11. Molecular motor,Poster,The 52nd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan(BSJ2014))

    Kamimura Shinji, Kiyohara Megumi, Nakazawa Nobumasa, Fujita Yosuke, Wada Yuuko, Yagi Toshiki, Iwamoto Hiroyuki

    Seibutsu Butsuri   54 ( 1 )   S164   2014

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.54.S164_5

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  • 1P197 Flagellar central structures regulate the dynein motor activity through the change of axonemal diameter(12.Cell biology,Poster,The 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

    Yagi Toshiki, Fujita Yosuke, Kamimura Shinji, Iwamoto Hiroyuki

    Seibutsu Butsuri   53 ( 1 )   S138   2013

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.53.S138_4

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  • 1P213 A new function of cilia,cell-signaling enhancer, revealed by the simulation analysis of intra-ciliary diffusion(Cell biology,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

    Takao Daisuke, Kamimura Shinji

    Seibutsu Butsuri   50 ( 2 )   S56 - S57   2010

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.50.S56_6

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  • FRAP Analysis Combined With A Single-cell Electroporation Technique In Sea-urchin Spermatozoa

    Daisuke Takao, Shinji Kamimura

    BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL   96 ( 3 )   520A - 520A   2009.2

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  • 3TA4-02 X-ray diffraction analysis of the dynamic features of microtubule structure(The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

    Kamimura Shinji, Iwamoto Hiroyuki, Miyashiro Daisuke

    Seibutsu Butsuri   49   S56   2009

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.49.S56_4

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  • Erratum: Temperature-dependent regulation of reproduction in the diving beetle Dytiscus sharpi (Coieoptera: Dytiscidae)(Zoological Science(November, 2007), 24, (11), (1115-1121))

    Inoda, T., Tajima, F., Taniguchi, H., Saeki, M., Numakura, K., Hasegawa, M., Kamimura, S.

    Zoological Science   25 ( 5 )   560   2008.5

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    Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.2108/zsj.25.560

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  • A new microscope optics for laser dark-field illumination applied to high precision two dimensional measurement of specimen displacement Reviewed International journal

    Noda, N., Kamimura, S.

    Review of Scientific Instruments   79 ( 2 )   023704 - 023704   2008.2

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    Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.1063/1.2839914

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  • Preface

    Naomi Kato, Shinji Kamimura

    Bio-Mechanisms of Swimming and Flying: Fluid Dynamics, Biomimetic Robots, and Sports Science   2008

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    Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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  • 2P-206 Chemoattractant sensing mechanism in sperm : Experimental and simulation study(The 46th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

    Shiba Kogiku, Miyashiro Daisuke, Kamimura Shinji, Yoshida Manabu

    Seibutsu Butsuri   48   S106 - S107   2008

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.48.S106_6

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  • 2P-342 Nucleotide caps and the stability of cytoskeletal fibrous proteins : A high-pressure small-angle x-ray scattering study(The 46th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

    Fujisawa Tetsuro, Matsuo Hiroshi, Iwasa Mitsusada, Erickson Harold P., Kamimura Shinji, Maeda Yuichiro, Popp David

    Seibutsu Butsuri   48   S180   2008

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.48.S180_3

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  • 2P166 Helical arrangement of axonemal components in sea-urchin sperm flagella revealed(Molecular motors,Oral Presentations)

    Kamimura Shinji, Iwamoto Hiroyuki

    Seibutsu Butsuri   47   S154   2007

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.47.S154_3

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  • A novel flow-alignment technique for the X-ray diffraction structure analysis of sea-urchin sperm flagella

    Shinji Kamimura, Takaaki Sugiyama, Yasunobu Sugimoto, Katsuzo Wakabayashi

    ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE   23 ( 12 )   1167 - 1167   2006.12

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  • 2P259 X-ray diffraction from dynein motors and microtubules in seaurchin sperm flagellar axonemes(39. Cell motility,Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)

    Kamimura Shinji, Iwamoto Hiroyuki, Fujisawa Tetsuro

    Seibutsu Butsuri   46 ( 2 )   S360   2006

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    Language：English   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.46.S360_3

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  • Analysis of the flagellar motion of Raphidophyceae, Chattonella antiqua

    Shinji Kamimura, Naomi Katoh, Tatsuro Akiba

    ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE   22 ( 12 )   1446 - 1446   2005.12

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    Language：English  

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  • Temperature regulates the summer reproductive diapause in diving beetles, Dytiscus sharpi (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae)

    Toshio Inoda, Fumitada Tajima, Hiroshi Taniguchi, Motoyuki Saeki, Kazuki Numakura, Shinji Kamimura

    ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE   21 ( 12 )   1326 - 1326   2004.12

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    Language：English  

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  • A new optical system for the determination of pH change in a sea-urchin sperm cell

    Daisuke Takao, Shinji Kamimura

    ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE   21 ( 12 )   1283 - 1283   2004.12

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    Language：English  

    Web of Science

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  • 3P200 X-ray diffraction analysis of the dynamic structural change of sea-urchin sperm flagellar axonemes

    Kamimura S., Wakamatsu J., Tamura T., Fujisawa T., Iwamoto H.

    Seibutsu Butsuri   44   S239   2004

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    Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Biophysical Society of Japan General Incorporated Association  

    DOI： 10.2142/biophys.44.S239_4

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  • Dynein-ADP as a force-generating intermediate revealed by a rapid reactivation of flagellar axoneme

    Tomomi Tani, Shinji Kamimura

    Biophysical Journal   77 ( 3 )   1518 - 1527   1999.9

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    Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI： 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)76999-7

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  • Structural fluctuation and heterogeneity of tubulin arrangement in microtubules Invited

    Shinji Kamimura

    THE CELL   55 ( 3 )   54 - 57   1900.3

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    Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

    File： THECELL_SKamimura2023Mar.pdf

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Books

  • 高等学校理科用 文部科学省検定済教科書 生物 東京書籍（生物 301）

    浅島誠（第3編）

    東京書籍  2024.2  （ ISBN:4487187494 ）

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    Total pages：479   Language：Japanese  

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  • 分子細胞生物学

    Lodish, Harvey F., Berk, Arnold, Kaiser, Chris, Krieger, Monty, Bretscher, Anthony, Ploegh, Hidde L., Martin, Kelsey C., Yaffe, Michael B., Amon, Angelika, 岩井, 佳子, 上村, 慎治, 北川, 大樹, 齋藤, 康太, 坪井, 貴司, 富田, 泰輔, 名黒, 功, 仁科, 博史, 宮澤, 恵二, 山本, 啓一, 若林, 憲一, 堅田, 利明, 須藤, 和夫（ Role： Translator/Editor10．生体膜の構造, 17．細胞の構築と運動 I：ミクロフィラメント, 20．細胞から組織への集成）

    東京化学同人  2023.7  （ ISBN:9784807920518 ）

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    Total pages：xxxv, 1074p   Language：Japanese  

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  • 動物の事典

    上村慎治（ Role： Joint editor章担当編集者）

    朝倉書店  2020.11 

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    Total pages：746   Responsible for pages：3ページ   Language：Japanese   Book type：Dictionary, encyclopedia

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  • 動物学の百科事典

    Kamimura S（ Role： Edit第5章編集、導入、「細胞骨格」担当）

    Maruzen Pub Co  2018.9 

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    Total pages：770   Responsible for pages：3   Language：Japanese  

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  • 動物学の百科事典

    丸善出版株式会社  2018.9 

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  • 改訂 生物 [2 東書 生物 306] 高校教科書 文部科学省検定済教科書

    浅島, 誠（第3編）

    東京書籍  2018.2  （ ISBN:4487165555 ）

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    Total pages：3, 480, 4, 2p   Language：Japanese  

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  • 改訂 生物基礎 [2東書/生基311] 文部科学省検定済教科書

    浅島, 誠（第3編）

    東京書籍  2017.2  （ ISBN:4487165490 ）

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    Total pages：3, 248, 2p   Language：Japanese  

    ASIN

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  • Cain Biology

    S. Kamimura（ Role： Supervisor (editorial)動物の反応と調節）

    Tokyo Kagaku Dojin  2014.9 

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    Total pages：728   Responsible for pages：60   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

    http://www.tkd-pbl.com/book/b182504.html

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  • Cain Biology

    Tokyo Kagaku Dojin  2014.9 

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  • Cain Biology

    Shinji Kamimura, Tomko Noguchi, Mariko Kamimura（ Role： Supervisor (editorial)動物の反応と調節）

    Tokyo Kagaku Dojin  2012.2 

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    Total pages：360   Responsible for pages：360   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

    http://www.tkd-pbl.com/book/b182504.html

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  • Cain Biology

    Tokyo Kagaku Dojin  2012.2 

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  • 生き物に学ぶ泳ぎと飛行のしくみ（第4章 微生物の運動）

    エアロ・アクアバイオメカニズム研究会（編）  2010.8 

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  • 生き物に学ぶ泳ぎと飛行のしくみ（第4章 微生物の運動）

    （ Role： Sole author）

    エアロ・アクアバイオメカニズム研究会（編）  2010.8 

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    Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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  • 生物学辞典

    石川統, 黒岩常祥, 塩見正衛, 松本忠夫, 守隆夫, 八杉貞雄, 山本正幸（ Role： Joint editor）

    東京化学同人  2009.10 

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    Total pages：1620   Responsible for pages：40   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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  • Bio-mechanisms of swimming and flying: Fluid dynamics, biomimetic robots, and sports science.

    Kato, N, Kamimura,S（ Role： Sole author）

    Springer  2007.4 

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    Total pages：403   Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

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  • Bio-mechanisms of swimming and flying: Fluid dynamics, biomimetic robots, and sports science.

    Springer  2007.4 

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MISC

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Presentations

  • Novel activity features of Drosophila melanogaster revealed through motion analysis under conventional rearing conditions

    Ritsu Ritsuki, Ogane Takefumi, Nakano Aiko, Kamimura Shinji

    The Zoological Society of Japan, Annual Meeting 96th  2025.9 

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    Event date： 2025.9 　 　

    Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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  • Program cell death induction in planarian

    Rintaro Satake, Shinji Kamimura

    The Zoological Society of Japan, Annual Meeting 96th  2025.9 

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    Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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  • Novel image processing technique for the analysis of life span and activity in Drosophila melanogaster

    2024.9 

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    Event date： 2024.9 　 　

    Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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  • プラナリアの摂食前後での薬理効果の違い

    大野花蓮, 田中杏奈, 松坂莉奈, 中野杏依子, 上村慎治

    公益社団法人日本動物学会 第95回長崎大会  2024.9 

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    Event date： 2024.9 　 　

    Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

    プラナリアは厚み1mmにも満たない扁平な形態のため、外部から投与した種々の薬剤効果が短時間に現れるという特徴がある。そのため、カフェインやニコチンなどの天然薬物や人工的な向精神薬などの薬理効果を観察する実験動物として使用されている（Venturini et al., 1989; Pagán,2017）。逆に、体内への高い薬剤浸透性のために、環境中の有害物質に対しても脆弱であり、この理由で環境汚染指標動物としても使われている。一方、実験室内で実施する薬理検査のためには、最低5日ほどの期間、餌を与えない条件下で飼育後に用いることが推奨されている。化学物質の効果を調べる研究報告でも、この飢餓条件下で実験する例が大半である。我々の調べた範囲では、この飢餓条件にする明確な理由を記した研究論文は発見できなかった。おそらく、これまで、多くの研究者が、明確な根拠なく、効果の現れやすい飢餓条件を習慣として設定した上で、薬理効果を調べて来たものと考えられる。この飢餓条件の意味について、本研究では詳細に検討することにした。

    プラナリア（
    Dugesia ryukyuensis
    ）への薬理効果を比較する上で、解決すべき課題は、薬理効果の正確な定量化である。一般に薬剤の毒性は、移動頻度などの活動量の低下の他、首振りなどの行動パターンの出現、再生の阻害、筋収縮による体の変形などの観察が試みられて来た。しかし、いずれも、数値化しにくいという欠点があった。この点を解決するために、本研究では、細胞質ダイニンのATP結合サイトに直接作用して活性阻害するシリオブレビ（Firestone
    et al.
    ,2012）を用いることとした。シリオブレビンは、数10μMの濃度でウニ精子の鞭毛運動を阻害することがわかっており（Wada
    et al.
    , 2015）、プラナリア腹部の繊毛運動の阻害剤としても利用できると期待した。プラナリアの腹部繊毛を使った滑走運動は、水流刺激等の物理的な刺激で容易に開始させることができ、撮影した動画をもとに、ImageJ上の動画解析ソフト、MTrackJ(Meijering
    et al.
    , 2012）を使って速度解析を行った。プラナリアをシリオブレビンを入れた培養液に浸すことで、分単位で滑走速度が低下する様子を観察でき、滑走速度から正確な毒性評価を行う手法として確立できた。これまでの詳細な滑走運動解析から、シリオブレビンを含む飼育水中に～60分間浸すことで、濃度依存的に滑走速度が低下することがわかった。また、薬剤を洗浄することで、滑走速度は徐々に回復することから、ダイニンモーターへの阻害は、可逆的であることもわかり、飢餓条件下での薬理効果のON/OFF両方を調べる実験系として使用できることもわかった。

    本研究で、さらに、明らかになった点は、飢餓期間を～4週間まで延長すると、そのシリオブレビンによる阻害効果が徐々に変化することである。飢餓期間が長ければ長いほど、低い濃度のシリオブレビンで滑走運動が阻害されることが明らかとなった。さらに、大変、興味深い点として、摂食 前後で大きく薬理効果が変化することもわかった。これは、プラナリアが餌を摂食することによって、薬物に対する耐性機構を制御するしくみがあることを強く示唆している。プラナリアの摂食行 動は、咽頭を経由して全身に分岐して広がる消化管を経由して、栄養となる物質を直接各組織に供給することになるが、同時に、摂食は消化管内に入り込んだ不都合な物質を全身へ容易に浸透させる危険な行為でもある。摂食によって薬剤耐性機能を変化させる反応は、この点でも合理的なしくみであると考えられる。そのしくみの詳細を解明するための自然免疫作用を探る実験も実施したので、その結果も合わせて紹介する。

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  • タコノマクラの緑色色素の特性解 析

    城山 篤宏, 西田 智弥, 河野 美津子, 加藤 佑亮, 上村 慎治

    公益社団法人日本動物学会 第95回長崎大会  2024.9 

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    Event date： 2024.9 - 　

    Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Novel image processing technique for the analysis of activity in Drosophila melanogaster

    Ritsuki Hyodo, Aiko Nakano, Shinji Kamimura

    Neurofly 2024 (20th Biennial European Drosophila Neurobiology Conference)  ( Birmingham, UK )   2024.9 

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    Event date： 2024.9 　 　

    Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation   Country：United Kingdom  

    Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model organism for the analysis of circadian rhythm and activity variation depending on rearing conditions. To date, for the activity quantification, an infrared-counting system is used. This method, however, quantitatively evaluates the fly activity only in a restricted area in rearing vials and was not suitable for long-term measurements because of the time required to separate each individual. Thus, in this study, we developed a novel system useful for the investigation of the relationship between lifespan and activity in Drosophila melanogaster. We first decided to adopt a conventional rearing system with vials, which allowed us to keep ten or more individuals for a long period of time, preferably over a month. To record fly activity, time-lapse recording of vial images was performed every 1 - 10 sec. Approximately 10,000 images corresponding to the size of 60 GB were acquired each day. The most crucial point to solve with this method was to maintain high imaging quality under any lighting conditions of the 12D/12L in the laboratory. From the recorded images at time T, we first extracted and counted individuals that moved in Δt, image intervals from 1 to 300 seconds. The resultant data indicating the number of moving flies from T to T+Δt showed a gradually increasing curve depending on the average activity of rearing flies in vials. We fitted the curve to an exponential distribution and determined the fly activity from the time constant at any observation time of T. Additional improvements of rapid extraction and analysis by Python programming will be presented. We expect that this method is expected to provide us with new fly activity indicators that will help elucidate the relationship between activity and lifespan in flies with various genetic backgrounds.

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  • Image processing method of Drosophila activity under a conventional rearing condition

    Ogane, T., Hyodo, R., Nakano, A., Kamimura, S.

    Neurofly 2024 (20th Biennial European Drosophila Neurobiology Conference)  2024.9 

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    Event date： 2024.9 　 　

    Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

    Infrared-detector system, e.g., DAM (Drosophila Activity Monitor) has been used so far to describe the locomotion activity in Drosophila. But we need to manually isolate flies in each test tube, which is not always easy task and useful in a case we need to continue observation for weeks. In the present study, we developed a new method for image processing to analyze activity of 10-20 flies reared in conventional laboratory vials.
    The crucial point we needed to solved in the present study was to construct an image acquiring system to detect individual fly positions continuously (every 5 sec, 17,280 images of 120 GB) with almost the same quality, i.e., brightness/contrast of images under both day and night conditions. Here, we show an example of activity analysis in Drosophila and observed circadian rhythm under three temperature conditions, 16.7, 21.4 & 26.7℃. Biphasic activity profile of circadian rhythms we found here was not exactly the same as those given by DAM methods. The main feature we found was the vertical motions of flies in vials at the beginning 12D conditions, which duration depended on temperatures. Other new activity parameters of locomotion activity were found here (as well as P128). We expect that our method is expected to provide us with a new tool to describe fly activity that will be helpful in elucidating the relationship between novel behavioral parameters in flies and various genetic backgrounds and nerve activities.

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  • Void space around microtubules

    Shinji Kamimura, Tomohiro Shima, Yasushi Okada, Hiroyuki Iwamoto

    21st IUPAB Congress 2024  2024.6 

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    Event date： 2024.6 　 　

    Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

    Microtubules are one of the major cytoskeletal components of eukaryotes. In typical cases of animal cells, the microtubule network, being organized and combined with other cytoplasmic components, molecular motors and microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), exhibits a radial form spreading from near the nuclear site of MTOC, the microtubule organizing center. This structure is not static, but dynamically transformed into other network structures depending on cell cycle phases or functions. For example, in neural axons and mitotic spindles, microtubules show parallel arrangements with narrow lateral spacing. Similar properties have been also described for microtubule bundles in developing oocyte (1). Our question in the present study is how the lateral spacing, or clear zone, around microtubules is maintained. Because we cannot rule out the possibility of MAPs or motor proteins bridging or intervening between microtubules, we used purified microtubule here and investigated how the lateral spacing were observed in the equatorial profiles of X-ray fiber diffraction. Using the shear-flow technique we developed (2,3,4), we were able to align microtubules with deviation angles less than 3 degree in solution. Therefore, from the equatorial profile of diffraction, we could estimate the average diameter of microtubule with 12-15 protofilament numbers. However, we found that in many cases peak shoulders or peak tailing appeared in our profile data (a blue arrow in Fig. 1). By executing simulation of diffraction patterns using a simplified two-dimensional Fourier transforming program for microtubule bndles, we were able to show peak shoulder or tailing come from the free void spaces around microtubules. As the observed peak shoulders in our diffraction pattern did not show distinct multiple peaks as theoretically shown by Lindenmeyer (5), we assumed that microtubules were not in a para-crystalline state, but they were forming more diffuse arrangement with a similar void space around each microtubule. Our observation suggests that repulsive forces exist to maintain the separated arrangements of microtubules within the bundle.

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  • Novel image processing technique for the analysis of life span and activity in Drosophila melanogaster

    R. Hyodo, R. Aoki, J. Ou, H. Katoh, S. Kamimura

    The 94th Annual Meeting of the Xoological Sociery of Japan  2023.9 

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    Event date： 2023.9 　 　

    Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Characteristics of green pigment derived from Clypeaster japonicus

    A.SHiroyama, T. Nishida, M. Kohno, H. Katoh, S. Kamimura

    The 94th Annual Meeting of the Xoological Sociery of Japan  2023.9 

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    Event date： 2023.9 　 　

    Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Properties of green pigments isolated from sea biscuits, Clypeaster japonicus.

    Tomoya Nishida, Mitsuko Kawano, Yusuke Kato, Shinji Kamimura

    The 93rd Annual Meeting of the Zoological Sociery of Japan 1C23-1630  ( Waseda University )   2022.9  the Zoological Sociery of Japan

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  • Green pigment-producing cells in Clypeaster japonicus embryo.

    Hiroto Amano, Mitsuko Kawano, Yusuke Kato, Shinji Kamimura

    The 93rd Annual Meeting of the Zoological Sociery of Japan IC24-1645  ( Waseda University )   2022.9  the Zoological Sociery of Japan

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  • Determination of longevity and activity magnitude by image processing inDrosophila melanogaster.

    Ryoma Aoki, Ritsuki Hyodo, Haruna Kato, Syousei Ou, Shinji Kamimura

    The 93rd Annual Meeting of the Zoological Sociery of Japan 3H36-1530  ( Waseda University )   2022.9  the Zoological Sociery of Japan

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  • Novel isolated ciliary dynein structure revealed by negative stain E

    Y. Lei, H. Imai, R. Yamamoto, R. Shimo, S. Kamimura, T. Yagi, N. Kajimura, M. Hirose, T. Kato, K. Mitsuoka, T. Kon

    第59回 日本生物物理学会年会  ( On Line )   2021.11  the Biophisical Society of Japan

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    Dyneins are phylogenetically classified into three subfamilies, ciliary, cytoplasmic and intraflagellar transport (IFT) dyneins. It is widely known that cytoplasmic and IFT dyneins adopt an inactivated conformation called the phi structure. In contrast, such a distinct inactivation state was not evident for ciliary dynein. Here we report that one of the ciliary dynein species has a novel structure that is very similar to the phi structure. Based on the structural analysis, we propose a novel shutdown mechanism common to all three subfamilies of dynein.

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  • Structural dynamics of native microtubules on cooling: anisotropic and hysteretic structural changes depending on temperature

    S. Kamimura, T. Yagi, Y. Kondo, J. Estévez-Gallego, D. Lucena-Agell, J. F. Díaz, H. Iwamoto

    The 59th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  ( On Line )   2021.11  the Biophysical Society of Japan

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    Microtubules (MT) are involved in essential cellular functions. One known characteristic of them is rapid disassembly to tubulin subunits upon cooling, a process whose molecular basis is not yet understood. We hypothesize that the conformational changes in tubulin accumulate strain of MT that triggers disassembly. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the X-ray fiber diffraction patterns of native MTs during rapid cooling from 37 to 10℃ (<20s). We found that shape changes of MT on cooling was anisotropic, i.e., the magnitude of shrinkage was different between longitudinal and diameter directions. Detailed time-course analysis showed that the shrinkage and expansion are hysteretic. The present study would help us to understand how MTs become instable at low temperatures.

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  • Bioconvection of the harmful algae Chattonella

    Mina Nakahara, Atsuto Kobayashi, Shinji Kamimura

    第43回エアロ・アクアバイオメカニズム学会講演会  ( ネット開催 )   2021.3  Society of Aero Aqua Bio-mechanisms

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    Chattonella is marine algae that causes HAB at Seto Inland Sea in Japan. When collected in a shallow petri dish, they start gradual accumulation in a few minutes and forms specific spotted or branching patterns with nonhomogeneous cell distributions. Since this phenomenon of bioconvection is expected to be tightly correlated with HAB mechanisms, we are executing the image analysis of accumulation behavior of Chattonella using a spatial statistical technique. Examples to show novel quantitative descriptions of bioconvection we found are shown.

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  • Variogram and correlogram assay of cell motility: Bioconvection in harmful algae Chattonella

    Mina Nakahara, Atsuto Kobayashi, Shinji Kamimura

    The Society of Biophysics of Japan  ( Online )   2020.9  The 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan

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    Chattonella is single-celled marine algae that cause harmful algal blooms (HAB). When collected in a shallow petri dish, they start gradual accumulation to form specific patterns with a non-uniform distribution. This phenomenon of bioconvection is considered to be closely related to the HAB formation mechanism in fields. In order to understand the mechanism of HAB development, we executed the image analysis of collective swimming behavior of Chattonella marina var. ovata (Raphidophyceae) using spatial statistical techniques as well as high-speed-video microscopy. Here, we present how this quantitative analysis, variogram or correlogram, an empirically tool in geostatics, can be useful to describe the pattern of bioconvection.

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  • English]:Dynamic changes of tubulin dimer configurations on a scale of sub-second revealed by high flux X-ray fiber diffracti Invited

    Shinji Kamimura

    he 57th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  ( Seagaia Convention Center )   2019.9  Biophysical Society of Japan

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    Microtubules are assembled from tubulin dimers that are arranged in a semi-crystal lattice with high regularity. Dynamics of tubulin dimer within microtubules is thus expected to be directly affecting the stability of microtubules, however, it has been difficult to quantitatively describe such properties. By analyzing the time course of pattern changes in X-ray fiber diffractions from aligned microtubules with a high-flux synchrotron beam of BM40XL (SPring-8), we found microtubules showed rapid elongation in the axial tubulin repeat and the concomitant increase of structural flexibility with a time constant of about 0.2 s after applying paclitaxel, microtubule-stabilizer. Contrasting effects were found for laulimalide, another type of microtubules stabilizer.

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  • etermination of accurate axial tubulin periodicity in native microtubules under physiological conditions

    Shinji Kamimura

    The 90th Annual Meeting of Zoological Society of Japan  ( Osaka City University )   2019.9  Zoological Society of Japan

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  • 微小管内のチューブリン分子の安定性・可塑性・柔軟性を目安にした微細動態解析

    上村慎治, 今井洋, 八木俊樹, 岩本裕之

    (社)日本動物学会第71回関東支部大会  ( 中央大学理工学部 )   2019.3  日本動物学会関東支部

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    微小管内にはチューブリン分子が、結晶のように整然とラセン状格子配置している。これまで抗がん剤として、種々の微小管安定化剤が開発されて来ているが、微小管構造の安定性とチューブリンの分子構造変化とを関連づけて調べる良い方法がなかった。我々はＸ線繊維回折法を用いて、タキソールとラウリマライドの２種の安定化剤の効果の明確な違いを明らかにできたので報告する。両者ともに秒単位で微小管構造の変化を引き起こすことがわかったが、チューブリン分子の縦・横方向の相互作用に関して異なる効果を示すことも明らかとなった。

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  • ラフィド藻シャトネラの遊泳停止と赤潮発生機構

    中原 美奈, 成田 大樹, 和田 祐子, 鈴木 雄大, 田中 昂輝, 今井 洋, 上村慎治

    (社)日本動物学会第71回関東支部大会  ( 中央大学理工学部 )   2019.3  日本動物学会関東支部

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    シャトネラ（Chattonella marina var. obata）は、栄養塩類や海水温の条件が整うと急速に増殖・集積する赤潮の原因となるラフィド藻である。小型シャーレ内に培養した高密度のシャトネラを静置すると、数分内に自発的な集積を開始し、時間経過と共に集団で移動する生物対流現象を示すことがわかった。これが実験室内で再現される赤潮現象であると考えられる。この現象は細胞の密度を上げることで促進され、海水中のCa2+濃度を減らすことで抑制されることがわかった。位相差顕微鏡を使ったシャトネラの遊泳行動観察から、細胞密度を上昇させると互いにぶつかり合う頻度が増加し、その機械的な刺激によって短時間の鞭毛打停止反応が起こり、同時に数秒間遊泳停止することがわかった。この鞭毛打停止反応は海水中のCa2+濃度を減らすことで抑制されることもわかった。ここで発見された鞭毛停止反応が、赤潮における細胞集積反応の1つの重要な要因になっていると考えられる。

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  • タコノマクラの作る緑色色素の分泌機構と役割

    加藤佑亮, 中村洋輝, 鬼頭玲賀, 河野美都子, 中原美奈, 上村慎治

    (社)日本動物学会第71回関東支部大会  ( 中央大学理工学部 )   2019.3  日本動物学会関東支部

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    タコノマクラ（Clypeaster japonicus）は、KCl神経刺激や殻部損傷によって緑色の色素を体外へ分泌するため、この色素は生体防御機構と深く関わっていると考えられる。その色素の特性は、Goodwin & Fox（1955）の吸収スペクトルに関する報告しかない。本研究で緑色色素の特性を詳細に調べた結果、親水性の高い高分子量の成分であることがわかり、他種のウニから採取されるナフトキノン系の赤色色素であるechinochromeやspinochrome等とは大きく異なる点、さらに、スカシカシパンにも共通する特性の色素があることがわかった。4腕幼生でもすでに生成機能が備わっており、腕部の機械的な刺激により内胚葉組織付近で分泌される点、その分泌にAchが関わっていることもわかった。

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  • キンギョ精子の運動活性化について

    加木下原自, 奥野誠, 上村慎治

    (社)日本動物学会第71回関東支部大会  ( 中央大学理工学部 )   2019.3  日本動物学会関東支部

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    魚類の精子は、生殖器内と異なる環境に暴露されことで運動が誘発される。今回、キンギョの精子ではイオンや糖の種類にかかわらず、240 mOsmより高い浸透圧で運動が停止することがわかり、運動停止に関しては、K+濃度よりも、高浸透圧が重要であることが示唆された。また、精子の細胞膜を除去し再活性化を試みたところ、ATPが存在すればCaCl2やcAMPを添加していない溶液にても精子の再活性化がみられ、Ca2+、cAMPともに、精子運動開始の細胞内シグナル伝達において必須でない可能性が示唆された。

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  • Biochemical and structural characterization of taxoid microtubule-stabilizing agents

    Estevez-Gallego J, Kamimura S, Balaguer-Perez, F, Lucena-Agell D, Diaz J-F

    EMBL Symposium: Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2018.5 

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  • Structural basis for the GTP activation of tubulin

    Dlaz, Jose-Fernando

    EMBL Symposium: Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2018.5 

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  • Dynamic changes in microtubule structure observed on a time scale of seconds by X-ray fiber diffraction

    Kamimura S, Imai H, Yagi T, Iwamoto H

    EMBL Symposium: Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2018.5 

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    Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. Their dynamic conversions between assembled microtubules and free tubulin dimers in cytoplasm are precisely controlled along with the states of cell activities. One of the most fundamental questions of us is how the microtubule dynamics and its structural properties are related to the chemical states of tubulin dimers during GTP-hydrolysis, with the existence of other MAPs and tubulin-binding chemicals.|rn||rn| X-ray fiber diffraction is one of the most powerful techniques to collect the structural information of native microtubules in physiological solutions without fixation, crystallization or freezing. In the present study, we examined the structural changes of microtubules on a time scale of seconds by combining our original technique for shear-flow alignment of microtubules [Sugiyama et al, 2009; Oiwa et al., 2009; Kamimura et al., 2016] with a high-flux beam line at SPring-8 (BL40XU). Our observations clearly showed that binding with paclitaxel induced the decrease of mean microtubule diameter as well as the increase of axial tubulin repeat within a second, indicating configuration changes of tubulin di

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  • Conformational switching of microtubule and cooperative binding of kinesin-1 for polarized transport

    Shima Tomohiro

    EMBO Symposium: Microtubules from Atom to Complex Systems  2018.5 

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  • Biochemical and structural characterization of taxoid microtubule-stabilizing agents

    EMBL Symposium: Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2018 

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  • Structural basis for the GTP activation of tubulin

    EMBL Symposium: Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2018 

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  • Dynamic changes in microtubule structure observed on a time scale of seconds by X-ray fiber diffraction

    EMBL Symposium: Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2018 

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  • Conformational switching of microtubule and cooperative binding of kinesin-1 for polarized transport

    EMBO Symposium: Microtubules from Atom to Complex Systems  2018 

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  • Conformational switching of microtubule and cooperative binding of kinesin‐1 as a base for polarized transport (B115)

    Shima T, Morikawa M, Kaneshiro J, Kambara T, Kamimura S, Yagi T, Iwamoto H, Uemura S, Shigematsu H, Ichimura T, Watanabe TM, Nitta R, Okada Y, Hirokawa N

    ASCB-EMBO Meeting 2017  2017.12 

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    Kinesin-1, the founding member of kinesin superfamily proteins, is known to use only a subset of microtubules for transport in living cells. This biased use of microtubules is proposed as the guidance cue for polarized transport in neurons, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we report that there is a positive feedback in the binding of kinesin-1 to the GDP-microtubule, which spontaneously produces high affinity microtubules from other low-affinity microtubules. This high affinity state requires the binding of kinesin-1 in the nucleotide-free state. Microtubules return to the initial low affinity state by washing out the binding kinesin-1 or by the binding of AMPPNP to kinesin-1. X-ray fiber diffraction, fluorescence speckle microscopy and second harmonic generation microscopy, as well as cryo-EM, collectively demonstrated that the binding of nucleotide-free kinesin to GDP-microtubule changes the conformation of GDP-microtubule to a conformation close to the GMPCPP-microtubule.

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  • “Double wave” of Octopus sperm flagella under high viscous condition

    Yuuko Wada, Yoshihiro Mogami, Shinji Kamimura

    Annual Meeting of Zoological Society of Japan  2017.9 

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    マダコは体内受精と体外受精の中間的な生殖戦略を取る。交尾は行わず、オスは精莢と呼ばれるカプセル入りの精子をメスに手渡し、精子はメスの体表上で精莢から放出され、その後、貯精嚢へと移動する。メスの貯精嚢内で精子は数週間保存され適宜使われる。単離した精莢から海水中に放出された精子を通常海水中で観察すると、頭部を折り曲げその場で回転する運動と、頭部を振って前進する運動とを繰り返しながら絡み合って束を形成する。マダコ精子は約330 μmの長い鞭毛をもち、通常海水中で鞭毛の屈曲は根元と先端では顕著だが、根元から100-200 μmの中間部分ではあまり見られない。海水中に分子モーターダイニンの阻害剤であるシリオブレビン（文献1）を加えると、シリオブレビンAでは波形変化は見られなかったがシリオブレビンDでは後半部分が極端に大きく屈曲した（日本動物学会第86回新潟大会）。|rn| 2%メチルセルロース（1500 cPs）を加えて粘度を上げた海水中で

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  • プラナリアにおける腹部繊毛の形態観察

    Zoological Society of Japan  2017.9 

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  • “Double wave” of Octopus sperm flagella under high viscous condition

    Annual Meeting of Zoological Society of Japan  2017 

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  • Conformational switching of microtubule and cooperative binding of kinesin‐1 as a base for polarized transport (B115)

    ASCB-EMBO Meeting 2017  2017 

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  • Flagellar wave form of Octopus vulgaris sperm in high viscosity medium

    Yuuko Wada, Shinji Kamimura

    The 22nd International Congress of Zoology & the 87th meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan  2016.11 

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    The 22nd International Congress of Zoology & the 87th meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan|rn||rn||rn||rn|Reproduction strategy of octopus is just the intermediate between internal and external fertilization. During mating, male octopus deliver pieces of spermatophore to females. Spermatozoa, after being released from the spermatophores placed on the body surface of females, move or swim towards the spermathicae, sperm storage organs in female oviducts. In spite of detailed descriptions so far on such unique behaviors of Octopus mating, there has been few reports investigating the sperm physiology of Octopus vulgaris. Their flagellar length was about 330 μm with a head of about 25 μm long. We found the manner of flagellar bend propagation was different from usual flagellar motions. It seemed to be propagating along the entire length of flagellar shaft in a non-continuous manner, i.e., smooth bends propagated along the proximal region of ca. 100 μm and then diminished at a middle part of the flagellum (100-200 μm from the base) where flagellum look almost straight, then flagellar bends reappeared around 200 μm from the base. We also found there was difference in the wave

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  • Effects of high pressure on the motility of sea urchin sperm flagella

    Hiroshi Imai, Masayoshi Nishiyama, Yoshie Harada, Shinji Kamimura

    The 22nd International Congress of Zoology & the 87th meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan  2016.11 

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    Sea urchin spermatozoa released from males swim towards eggs in seawater for fertilization in the intertidal zone where sea urchins live. There are many other species living in the deep sea, or some of them accidentally may fall down to the deep sea by gravity after storm. Thus, the fertilization could be occurring under the stress of high or various different pressures. However, there are no report describing how the sperm swimming and flagellar motility is affected under such high pressure conditions.|rn|In order to understand the effects of pressure on motility of sea urchin spermatozoa, we examined sperm motility of sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, under high pressure of seawater in the presence or in the absence of 10 mM CaCl2. Without Ca2+, consistently with previous studies, we observed the circular swimming path of sea urchin sperm on the glass surface under the condition of atmospheric pressure. The path of circular swimming was similar to that of spermatozoa observed in the seawater containing 10 mM CaCl2. We interpreted that the pumping activity of Ca2+ channels or other transporting systems (e.g. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger) can maintain the intracellular Ca2+ concentration

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  • Regulation of cilia and flagella bending movements through the change of axoneme diameter

    Toshiki Yagi, Shinji Kamimura, Hiroyuki Iwamoto

    The 54th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  2016.11 

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  • Direct flow analysis around the beating flagella of sea-urchin sperm cells supporting the slender body theory of micro-swimmers

    Miyashiro D, Wada Y, Shihira-Ishikawa I, Miya-waki A, Kamimura S

    31st International Congress on High-speed Imaging and Photonics  2016.11 

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    For the efficient chemotaxis and fertilization, it should be a crucial problem for animal spermatozoa to swim in the medium without disturbing the concentration gradient of chemical attractants derived from unfertilized eggs. Precise analysis and description of micro-flows occurring around swimming sperm cells was expected to help us to understand the chemotaxis phenomena more in details, however, there were many technical prob-lems to be solved. In the present study, using an in-situ storage image sensor (ISIS) equipped on a differential interference contract (DIC) microscope with a high-intensity xenon-lamp illumination, we successfully record-ed clear images of swimming sea-urchin sperm cells at 6,000 fps in a medium containing micro-particles with 0.1 μm diameter to directly visualize medium flows around bending flagella. We processed the acquired DIC images and traced precise motions of sperm flagella as well as moving free micro-particles with a 0.3-ms time-resolution.|rn|By comparing with theoretical flows expected from the slender body theory (SBT), we concluded that ob-served flows around micro-swimmers such as beating flagella under microscopes are classified as stokes f

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  • Swimming motility of deep-sea bacteria measured by high-pressure microscopy

    Masayoshi Nishiyama, Chiaki Kato, Hiroshi Imai, Shinji Kamimura, Yoshie Harada

    The 54th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  2016.11 

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  • Determination of accurate axial tubulin repeat in GDP-microtubules.

    Kamimura S, Imai H, Yagi T, Shima T, Okada Y, Iwamoto H

    54th Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  2016.11 

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    The axial repeat of tubulin molecules in microtubules is roughly 4 nm and has conventionally been used as one of the most convenient standard scales to estimate molecular or organelle size for electron microscopy. However, in our previous report, the axial repeat varied depending on experimental conditions, e.g., temperature, with microtubule stabilizer and GTP-hydrolysis states. It was also shown that the tubulin axial repeat in porcine brain GTP-microtubules, which are mainly composed of GDP-tubulin, was almost constant with a low coefficient of thermal expansion of 3.7×10-5/degree. Here, we determined the accurate repeat of GDP-tubulin molecules after careful revision of camera length, X-ray wavelength as well as the angles of specimen, beam and detector tilting.

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  • New features of the structural dynamics of native microtubules revealed X-ray fiber diffraction

    22nd International Congress of Zoology (ICZ) & the 87th meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan  2016.11 

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    X線繊維回折法には、生体試料中の周期構造を直接反映したの回折信号を、< 0.1nmもの高精度でリアルタイム解析できる点で、他手法にはない優れた利点がある。本研究では、一般に重合・脱重合の平衡状態を繰り返すために、動的な構造ゆらぎも大きいと想像される微小管を使った解析結果を紹介する。GTP加水分解や微小管安定化剤添加による構造変化が見られることがわかったが、通常のポリマーには見られない特性、負の熱膨張特性が観察されることがわかった。細胞骨格の示すのユニークな特性について議論したい。

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  • A novel function of kinesin-I: changing microtubule conformation that accelerates successive kinesin binding.

    Tomohiro Shima, Manatsu Morikawa, Junichi Kaneshiro, Taketoshi Kambara, Shinji Kamimura, Toshiki Yagi, Hiroyuki Iwamoto, Taro Ichimura, Tomonobu Watanabe, Sotaro Uemura, Ryo Nitta, Yasushi Okada, Nobutaka Hirokawa

    The 54th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  2016.10 

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  • X-ray fiber diffraction revealing the dynamic changes of native microtubule structure

    大阪大学蛋白質研究所セミナー 第6回分子モーター討論会「分子モーター研究の最前線」  2016.7 

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  • X-ray fiber diffraction analysis of microtubule revealing the dynamic changes of axial tubulin repeats in native microtubules

    S. Kamimura, Y. Fujita, Y. Wada, T. Yagi, T. Shima, Y. Okada, H. Iwamoto

    2016 EMBL Symposia Microtubules, Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2016.5 

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    One of the most fundamental questions on the molecular mechanisms of microtubule assembly-disassembly dynamics is how the structural stability of microtubules is correlated with the variation of molecular conformation of tubulin dimers within microtubules. To address this issue, we applied our technique for the rapid shear-flow alignment of biological filaments in a physiological buffer medium, enabling us to acquire the structural periodicity data from native microtubules by X-ray fiber diffraction under solution conditions. We could classified microtubules into three main groups on the basis of distinct mean axial tubulin repeats and microtubule diameters that varied depending on GTP hydrolysis and the content of paclitaxel. The paclitaxel effects to induce the elongation of the mean axial repeat of tubulin was observed to be completed within 30 s. It was also suggested that this elongation effects were appearing in a cooperative manner from the observation of microtubules with subthreshold paclitaxel content. Another interesting feature we found was the variation in the temperature dependency of axial tubulin repeat in GTP-, GMPCPP- and GTPγS-microtubules with/without paclitaxe

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  • Ｘ線繊維回折で探る微小管構造の動態

    大阪大学蛋白質研究所セミナー 第6回分子モーター討論会「分子モーター研究の最前線」  2016 

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  • キネシンによる微小管の構造変化

    日本生物物理学会 第54回年会  2016 

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  • 高圧力顕微鏡法による深海微生物の遊泳運動観察

    日本生物物理学会 第54回年会  2016 

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  • 微小管内GDP-チューブリンの精密な周期決定

    第54回 日本生物物理学会  2016 

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  • Ｘ線繊維回折で解き明かす微小管構造の動態

    第87回 日本動物学会（第22回 国際動物学会）  2016 

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  • X-ray fiber diffraction analysis of microtubule revealing the dynamic changes of axial tubulin repeats in native microtubules

    2016 EMBL Symposia Microtubules, Microtubules: From Atoms to Complex Systems  2016 

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  • Flagellar wave form of Octopus vulgaris sperm in high viscosity medium

    The 22nd International Congress of Zoology & the 87th meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan  2016 

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  • Effects of high pressure on the motility of sea urchin sperm flagella

    The 22nd International Congress of Zoology & the 87th meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan  2016 

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  • Regulation of cilia and flagella bending movements through the change of axoneme diameter

    The 54th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  2016 

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  • Direct flow analysis around the beating flagella of sea-urchin sperm cells supporting the slender body theory of micro-swimmers

    31st International Congress on High-speed Imaging and Photonics  2016 

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  • Microtubule dynamics revealed by the X-ray fiber diffraction analysis

    Shinji Kamimura, Hiroyuki Iwamoto

    Biophysical Society of Japan. #53 Annual meeting  2015.9 

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    Microtubules play a variety of functions in cells. Recent studies using high-resolution cry-electron micrography and X-ray fiber diffraction revealed that multiple conformational states of tubulin give rise to structural polymorphism in microtubule lattice, which may be crucial for diverse physiological functions of microtubules. Multiple conformations of tubulin also underlie dynamic instability of microtubules, where the balance between assembly and disassembly is stochastically switched in a nucleotide-dependent manner. In this session, we introduce the forefront in the field of microtubule, aiming to share new findings and insights about the conformational dynamics of tubulin and microtubule.

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  • X-ray fiber diffraction analysis revealed a highly flexible state of GTPγS-tubulin in the microtubules

    Shinji Kamimura, Yosuke Fujita, Yuuko Wada, Tomohiro Shima, Yasushi Okada, Toshiki Yagi, Hiroyuki Iwamoto

    #53 Annual Meeting, Biophysical Society of Japan (Kanazawa)  2015.9 

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    Our major question is how tubulin states are related to the stability of microtubules. To address the question, we used our novel technique for the quick shear-flow alignment of biological filaments, which enabled us to acquire fine X-ray fiber diffraction signals from native microtubules in a few seconds. We found that microtubules could be classified into three major groups with distinct axial periodicities of tubulin, which varied depending on the temperature of solution, the state of GTP-hydrolysis and the contents of microtubule stabilizers. It was also revealed that the GTPγS-tubulin showed the widest variation in the longitudinal tubulin periodicity in situ, suggesting a highly flexible state of GTP-tubulin in the microtubules.

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  • 柔軟性に富んだ微小管内GTPγS-チューブリン分子

    日本生物物理学会 第53回年会（金沢）  2015 

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  • Microtubule dynamics revealed by the X-ray fiber diffraction analysis

    Biophysical Society of Japan. #53 Annual meeting  2015 

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  • Length variations of tubulin molecules within native axonemal microtubules

    上村慎治, 岩本裕之

    6th International Symposium on Aero-aqua Bio-Mechanisms (ISABMEC2014)  2014.11 

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    Tubulin is one of the major polypeptides that construct the axonemes of cilia/flagella. Thus, the mechanical or chemical properties of tubulin in axonemes would be optimized for the bending motion or against mechanical stresses given by external liquid. In the present study, with an X-ray fiber diffraction technique, the length changes or variations of tubulin dimer periodicity within microtubules (MT) was investigated with a high precision (~ 0.01 nm). We found there are two main states of tubulin periodicity within usual porcine brain MTs (intracellular singlet MTs), i.e., short and long configurations with a length change by about 3% depending on temperature and taxol binding (MT stabilizer). However, the tubulin repeat within sea-urchin sperm flagella showed just the intermediate of the two states of brain MTs. Here we postulate a new hypothesis, the mechanical capacity of tubulin molecules inside axonemes, which would serve a certain allowance of bending compression-decompression inside MTs.

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  • Coordinated activity of ciliary beats and muscle contractions is required for the gliding motion in Planarian

    Gentarou Sugita, Shinji Kamimura

    6th International Symposium on Aero-aqua Bio-Mechanisms (ISABMEC2014)  2014.11 

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    The gliding motion of flatworms (Planarian, Platyhelminthes) is primarily generated by the effective strokes of ventral cilia. The maximum motion rate of ca. 3-5 mm/s appears to be one of the fastest rates reported for the ciliary motility. Our assumption is there would be fine optimization or regulation of the motile mechanisms to accomplish such a high gliding performance. In the present study, we used different types of specific motility blockers, blebbistatin/BDM for muscular myosin II and ciliobrevin for axonemal dyneins. Blebbistatin blocked peristaltic motions and depressed the half-cylindrical shapes of flatworm body (making flatworms more planar). BDM also blocked gliding motions. We also fund ciliobrevin completely inhibited the gliding motion in minutes, and induced peristaltic shape changes. From our observations, it was suggested that both muscle contraction and ciliary motion, some coordination between them, would be required for the efficient motion of gliding.

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  • X-ray diffraction study of aligned collagen fiber

    Yasunobu Sugimoto, Sakurako Hayashi, Sayaka Hayashi, Nobuhisa Watanabe, Shinji Kamimura, Takanori Kihara

    2014.9 

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  • Inhibition of ciliobrevin D on motility of sea urchin sperm flagella

    Wada Yuuko, Baba Shoji, Kamimura Shinji

    日本動物学会  2014.9 

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    ウニ精子にダイニン特異的な低分子阻害剤cliobrevin A（HPI4）を投与すると鞭毛打周波数が濃度依存的に低下し、高濃度では根元の非対称性が大きな運動となることを前回大会で報告した。今回、合成アナログのciliobrevin D をウニ精子に投与したときの阻害効果をciliobrevin A と比較した。周波数への効果はciliobrevin A と同様だが、波形への効果として鞭毛全長にわたり運動非対称性がさらに増し、鞭毛が頭部の周りに巻きつくものが多数みられた。ダイニン種の違いによる阻害効果の差という観点で考察を加える。

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  • Dynamic changes of the structure of double helix DNA in shear flow

    藤田洋介, 中澤亘將, 岩本裕之, 上村慎治

    日本生物物理学会  2014.9 

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  • Dynamic changes of the structure of double helix DNA in shear flow

    藤田洋介, 中澤亘將, 岩本裕之, 上村慎治

    日本生物物理学会  2014.9 

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  • Paclitaxel添加直後の微小管構造変化

    清原恵, 中澤亘將, 藤田洋介, 和田祐子, 八木俊樹, 岩本 裕之

    日本動物学会  2014.9 

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  • Molecular machinery regulating photomovement of Euglena

    Shimabukuro, SAP, ミドリムシにおける光運動制御マシナリーの解明|rn|Molecular machinery regulating photomovement of Euglena|rn, 岩崎 憲, 宮崎 直幸, 伊関 峰生, 長谷川 浩司, 成田 哲博

    日本生物物理学会  2014.9 

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  • ミドリムシにおける光運動制御マシナリーの解明

    日本生物物理学会  2014 

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  • プラナリア滑走運動における繊毛・筋運動協調関係

    6th International Symposium on Aero-aqua Bio-Mechanisms (ISABMEC2014)  2014 

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  • X-ray diffraction study of aligned collagen fiber

    2014 

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  • Inhibition of ciliobrevin D on motility of sea urchin sperm flagella

    2014 

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  • Dynamic changes of the structure of double helix DNA in shear flow

    2014 

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  • Length variations of tubulin molecules within native axonemal microtubules

    6th International Symposium on Aero-aqua Bio-Mechanisms (ISABMEC2014)  2014 

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  • Dynamic changes in axial tubulin repeats in native microtubules revealed by X-ray fiber diffraction

    Dynein 2013 International Workshop (Kobe)  2013.10 

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  • Dynamic changes of the axial pitch of tubulin repeat in live microtubules revealed by x-ray fiber diffraction

    Shinji Kamimura, Yosuke Fujita, Yuuko Wada, Hiroyuki Iwamoto

    The 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan  2013.10 

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  • X ray fiber diffraction of microtubules: Tubulin pitch variations depending on medium temperature, GTP hydrolysis and taxol binding indicating dynamic

    Kamimura Shinji, Fujita Yosuke, Wada Yuuko, rn|Iwamoto Hiroyuki

    The 84th Annual Meeting of Zoological Society of Japan  2013.9 

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    溶液内でtubulin dimerは、curved/straight の2 状態をとると考えられている。微小管内でのtubulin の動的構造変化は、微小管の安定性に大きく影響すると考えられるが、まだ、その詳細を調べた研究報告はない。X 線微小管繊維回折の解析から、taxol 濃度、温度、GTP 加水分解に依存してtubulin ピッチが変わることがわかった。微小管内でtubulin dimer がshort/long の2 状態をとる可能性が考えられる。

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  • Effects of dynein specific inhibitor, ciliobrevin on the flagellar motility of sea urchin spermatozoa.

    Yuuko Wada, Shinji Kamimura

    The 84th Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan  2013.9 

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    細胞質ダイニンの特異的な阻害剤であるciliobrevin の軸糸ダイニンに対する効果を調べた。この物質は低分子で膜透過性を持つので、除|rn|膜していないウニ精子に直接投与した場合に効果を見ることが期待された。予想通り、ciliobrevin は濃度依存的にウニ精子の鞭毛打周波数を下げ、このとき波形の変化も観察された。つまり、内腕、外腕ダイニンの両方に効果があることが示された。

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  • ウニ精子鞭毛運動におけるciliobrevinの効果

    公益社団法人 日本動物学会 第84回大会  2013 

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  • 微小管X 線繊維回折：チューブリンピッチの動的変化

    日本製物物理学会第51回年会（京都）  2013 

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  • Xray fiber diffraction of microtubules: Tubulinpitch variations depending on medium temperature, GTPhydrolysis and taxol binding indicating dynamic

    The 84th Annual Meeting of Zoological Society of Japan  2013 

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  • Dynamic changes in axial tubulin repeats in native microtubules revealed by X-ray fiber diffraction

    Dynein 2013 International Workshop (Kobe)  2013 

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  • Direct imaging of the world of low Reynolds number hydrodynamics

    D. Miyashiro, Y. Wada, I. Shihira-Ishikawa, A. Miyawaki, S. Kamimura

    The Fifth International Symposium on Aero Aqua Bio-mechanisms, ISABMEC 2012 Taipei  2012.8 

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    Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

    To clarify the fluid dynamics of swimming microorganisms, a technique to visualize fluid flows under an optical microscope with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution is required. In the present study, we used sea-urchin spermatozoa that have long flagella with planar beat patterns and are suited for precise beat form analysis. Differential inter ference microscopy (DIC) images of the beating sperm flagella and particles included in the medium were recorded with a rate of 6,000 fps. As has been theoretically expected, spermatozoa were observed to swim in a stable medium without perturbation of surrounding fluids. This is the first direct evidence to show how fluid flows around whipping flagella under the condition of low Reynolds number.

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  • 微小管の非等方的冷却収縮

    上村慎治, 岩本裕之

    第10回 日本生物物理学関東支部会  2012.3  日本生物物理学会

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    Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

    タンパク分子の構造は，けっして均一で等方的なものではないために，冷却時には非等方的な収縮を示すと予測される。そのような物性はタンパク分子の機能や構造の安定性を理解する上で重要な知見となるが，直接調べることは難しかった。本研究では，流動配向させたウシ脳微小管を15秒で37から17℃まで急速冷却し，同時にＸ線繊維回折法により構造変化を追跡することに成功した。GDPチューブリンからなる微小管は，低温で脱重合する直前まで，長軸方向・直径方向に，それぞれ60，220×10-6/Kの熱膨張係数を示し，非等方的な冷却収縮を示すことがわかった。

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  • Direct imaging of the world of low Reynolds number hydrodynamics

    The Fifth International Symposium on Aero Aqua Bio-mechanisms, ISABMEC 2012 Taipei  2012 

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  • Mechanical properties of flagellar motility: Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes

    Kamimura, S

    FASEB Summer Research Conference, Saxtons River, Vermont  2010.7 

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  • A new function of primary cilia: a cell-signaling enhancer

    Takao, D, Kamimura, S

    FASEB Summer Research Conference, Saxtons River, Vermont  2010.7 

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  • Mechanical properties of flagellar motility: Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes

    FASEB Summer Research Conference, Saxtons River, Vermont  2010 

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  • A new function of primary cilia: a cell-signaling enhancer

    FASEB Summer Research Conference, Saxtons River, Vermont  2010 

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  • Mechanical properties of flagellar motility: Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes.

    International Workshop Dynein 2009, 2009.11.3, Kobe(Japan)  2009.11 

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  • X-ray fiber diffraction analysis of axoneme and microtubules structure using a novel shear-flow fiber-aligning technique.

    上村慎治

    International Workshop Dynein 2009, 2009.11.3, Kobe(Japan)  2009.11 

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  • Mechanical properties of flagellar motility: Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes.

    4th International Symposium on Aero Aqua Bio-Mechanisms., 2009.8.30, Shanghai(China)  2009.8 

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  • Mechanical properties of flagellar motility: Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes.

    4th International Symposium on Aero Aqua Bio-Mechanisms., 2009.8.30, Shanghai(China)  2009 

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  • Mechanical properties of flagellar motility: Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes.

    International Workshop Dynein 2009, 2009.11.3, Kobe(Japan)  2009 

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  • X-ray fiber diffraction analysis of axoneme and microtubules structure using a novel shear-flow fiber-aligning technique.

    International Workshop Dynein 2009, 2009.11.3, Kobe(Japan)  2009 

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  • A new microscope optics for laser darkfield illumination applied to high precision measurement of specimen displacement.

    Noda, N, Kamimura, S

    Biophys. Soc. 52nd Ann. Meeting/ 16th IUPAB Int. Biophys. Congress/Biophysical Society  2008.3 

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    Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

    With conventional light microscopy, precision in the measurement of the displacement of a specimen depends on the signal-to-noise ratio when we measure the light intensity of magnified images. This implies that, for the improvement of precision, getting b

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  • Dynein arm arrangement in sea-urchin sperm flagellar axonemes revealed by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis.

    Kamimura, S, Iwamoto, H

    Biophys. Soc. 52nd Ann. Meeting/ 16th IUPAB Int. Biophys. Congress/Biophysical Society  2008.3 

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  • A new microscope optics for laser darkfield illumination applied to high precision measurement of specimen displacement.

    Biophys. Soc. 52nd Ann. Meeting/ 16th IUPAB Int. Biophys. Congress/Biophysical Society  2008 

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  • Dynein arm arrangement in sea-urchin sperm flagellar axonemes revealed by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis.

    Biophys. Soc. 52nd Ann. Meeting/ 16th IUPAB Int. Biophys. Congress/Biophysical Society  2008 

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  • Dynamic change of axonemeal structure and dynein arm arrangement in sea-urchin sperm flagella revealed by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis.

    Kamimura, S, Iwamoto, H

    FASEB Summer Research Conference (The Biology of Cilia & Flagella)/FASEB organization  2007.8 

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  • Dynein arm arrangement in flagellar axonemes and its dynamic change revealed by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis.

    Kamimura S, Iwamoto, H

    The Molecular Motor Conference/Fujihara Foundation of Science  2007.8 

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  • Dynamic change of axonemeal structure and dynein arm arrangement in sea-urchin sperm flagella revealed by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis.

    FASEB Summer Research Conference (The Biology of Cilia & Flagella)/FASEB organization  2007 

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  • Dynein arm arrangement in flagellar axonemes and its dynamic change revealed by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis.

    The Molecular Motor Conference/Fujihara Foundation of Science  2007 

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  • X-ray diffraction from dyenin motors and microtubules in sea -urchin sperm flagellar axonemes.

    Kamimura, S

    生物物理,日本生物物理学会  2006.11 

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  • 3-D measurement of the nanometer displacement of microspheres under optical mixcroscope

    Noda, N, Kamimura, S

    生物物理,日本生物物理学会  2006.11 

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  • 新しい流動配向法によるウニ精子鞭毛Ｘ線回折の観察

    上村 慎治, 杉山 貴紹, 杉本 泰伸, 若林克三

    社団法人日本動物学会第77回大会,日本動物学会  2006.9 

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  • X-ray diffraction from dyenin motors and microtubules in sea -urchin sperm flagellar axonemes.

    2006 

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  • 3-D measurement of the nanometer displacement of microspheres under optical mixcroscope

    2006 

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  • 鞭毛軸糸高速微小振動のナノメーター計測

    野田直紀, 上村慎治

    生物物理,日本生物物理学会  2005.11 

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  • AFMを用いたウニ精子鞭毛軸糸における高速微小振動の検出

    榊原肇

    生物物理,日本生物物理学会  2001.10 

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  • 急峻なATP濃度上昇に伴うウニ精子除膜鞭毛モデルの運動

    谷 知己, 上村慎治

    生物物理,日本生物物理学会  1996.11 

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Works

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Awards

  • ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE Award 2011

    2011.9   Zoological Socisty of Japan   Single-Cell Electroporation of Fluorescent Probes into Sea Urchin Sperm Cells and Subsequent FRAP Analysis

    Daisuke Takao, Shinji Kamimura

  • ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE Award 2011

    2011  

  • 井上研究奨励賞

    1985.12   井上科学振興財団  

    上村慎治

Research Projects

  • 微小管内チューブリン分子ラセン配置の柔軟性と可塑性

    2019.4 - 2021.3

    基盤研究(C)（一般） 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    Grant amount： \4290000 （ Direct Cost: \4290000 、 Indirect Cost： \990000 ）

    微小管は、真核生物のさまざまな細胞機能に深く関わる細胞骨格である。シンクロトロンの高輝度Ｘ線源を使ったＸ線繊維回折法を使って、微
    小管構造の柔軟性・可塑性を正確に定量的な評価を行うことで、微小管の生理機能をより深く理解できると共に、抗がん剤としての微小管安定
    化剤の薬理効果を客観的に数値化できる利点がある。これまでの電子顕微鏡技術ではわからなかった情報、動的な構造変化、その変化の時定数
    、構造の熱ゆらぎの評価を行う新手法として確立することで、抗がん剤の網羅的な探索研究を推進する。

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  • Clarification of the coupling mechanism between polymerization and GTP hydrolysis by using tubulin mutant

    Grant number：17H03668  2017.4 - 2020.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Institute of Physical and Chemical Research

    Muto Etsuko

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    Grant amount： \17030000 （ Direct Cost: \13100000 、 Indirect Cost： \3930000 ）

    Nucleation of microtubule is essential for cellular activities, but its mechanism is unknown because of the difficulty involved in capturing rare stochastic events in the early stage of polymerization. Combining the rapid flush negative stain electron microscopy and kinetic analysis, we demonstrated that the formation of straight oligomers with critical size is essential for nucleation. Both GDP- and GTP-tubulin assemble the single-stranded oligomers with a broad range of curvature, but upon nucleation of GTP-tubulin, the distribution of curvature is shifted to produce a minor population of straight oligomer. Our results support a model in which GTP binding generates a minor population of straight oligomers compatible with lateral association and further growth to microtubules. Our study suggests that cellular factors involved in nucleation promote it via stabilization of straight oligomers.

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  • Analysis of microtubule structure dynamics by X-ray fiber diffraction.

    2016.4 - 2019.3

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金（日本学術振興会・文部科学省） 

    上村慎治

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    Grant type：Competitive

    Grant amount： \3800000

    "X-ray fiber diffraction is one of the most direct techniques to analysed the structure of biological fibers and molecule in medium, i.e., a native state under physiological state mimicking cytosol conditions. Using our own aligning method (Sugiyama et al., 2009; Oiwa et al., 2009; Kamimura et al., 2016) we are now describing how the microtubule structure (tubulin axial repeat, mean diameter, protofilament numbers) are dynamically modified depending on chemical (cation, tubulin binding chemicals etc) and physical (temperature, shear forces etc) conditions."

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  • 細胞骨格動態の温度特性解析

    2015 - 2018

    基礎科学研究 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    哺乳類脳微小管は、非常に高い温度感受性を有する点で、他の細胞骨格とは大きく性質を異にしている。また、GTP加水分解状態によっては、負の熱膨張係数（NTE)を持つ点も、当研究室の仕事から明らかになってきた。溶液条件で、この温度特性がどのように変化するのがを解明することで、微小管の特異的な低温感受性の生物学的な意味を理解することを目指す。

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  • Temperature dependent dynamics of cytoskeletal components in eukaryote cells.

    2015 - 2018

    Basic Science Research Program 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. The dynamics between assembled microtubules and free tubulin dimers in the cytoplasm is closely related to the active shape changes of microtubule networks. One of the most unique features of microtubules is its quite high sensitivity to lowered temperatures. Mammalian brain microtubules disassemble in second by lowering the medium temperature below 20ºC. Other interesting properties of microtubules are negative-thermal expansion depending on the condition of GTP-hydrolysis by tubulin dimers. To understand the detailed mechanism of such temperature-sensitivity, we are analyzing the conformation changes of tubulin-molecules within microtubule by X-ray fiber diffraction.

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  • チューブリン・微小管の動的構造解析を利用した抗ガン作用物質の網羅的検索

    2014 - 2018

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    Grant type：Competitive

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  • Efficient survey of anti-cancer drugs by a novel X-ray fiber diffraction technique to analyze dynamic configuration changes of tubulin molecules within native microtubules.

    2014 - 2018

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    Grant type：Competitive

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  • Ｘ線繊維回折法を使った微小管構造に対する諸薬剤の効果

    2012 - 2017

    ライフサイエンス基礎科学研究 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    微小管を安定化させるPaclitaxel（taxol）は、通常、微小管内のtubulin dimerに作用し、protofilament間の結合を強めることによって、微小管の脱会合が抑えられると考えられる。これまでの研究から、tubulinの縦方向の周期が長くなり、平均protofilament数が徐々に減少するとの報告もある。本研究では、BL45XU-SAXS（SPring-8）でのＸ線繊維回折法によって、構造の経時変化を分単位で追跡することで、動的な構造変化がわかった。

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  • Tubulin fine structures in native microtubules revealed by X-ray fiber diffarction

    2012 - 2017

    Basic Science Research on Life Science 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    Microtubules (MT) are key components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. One of the most undamental questions is how MT dynamics is associated with the molecular conformation of tubulin within MTs. To address the issues, we applied our new technique for the rapid shear-flow alignment of biological filaments, which enabled us to acquire X-ray fiber diffraction data in seconds from oriented native MTs under various physiological conditions. We found that the mean periodicity of tubulin dimers in MTs were elongated from 3.85 to 3.95 nm in 1 min. Diameter changes appeared to be occurring in a 10-20 min timecourse. It is suggested paclitaxel induces quick elongation of tubulin dimers in MTs.

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  • 3次元ピコメートル計測法による軸糸ダイニン動態の解析

    2007.8 - 2009.3

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金（日本学術振興会・文部科学省）－特定領域研究 

    上村慎治

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    Grant type：Competitive

    Grant amount： \5000000

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  • 生理学的な条件下での鞭毛・微小管の構造解析

    2007 - 　

    ライフサイエンス基礎科学研究 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    新規の流動配向法を開発し、生体の繊維構造（微小管・軸糸・アクチン繊維）の動的な変化がはじめて追跡できるようになった。この手法で、これまで不明であった生体繊維の機能解明を目指している。

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  • Structure analysis of axonemes and microtub ule under physiological conditions.

    2007 - 　

    Basic Science Research on Life Science 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    Our novel technique to align biological fiber in a physiological buffer medium enabled us to start new investigation on the dynamic chnages of various biological fibers. We are now revealing new features of biologically important fiber structures.

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  • Precise micro-flow analyzes for the insight into the swimming mechanism of microorganisms

    Grant number：13450096  2001 - 2004

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  The University of Tokyo

    KAMIMURA Shinji, TAKANO Yasunari, KOBAYASHI Shunichi, SUDA Hitoshi, SHINOHARA Ken-ichi

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    Grant amount： \13000000 （ Direct Cost: \13000000 ）

    The project started in order to invent a new micro-machine mechanism through the studies of mimetics or understanding microorganism swimming motion under low Reynolds number conditions. Kamimura, the leader of the project, improved a new real-time analyzer of flagellar beat frequency using a novel photo-sensing device. He used the equipment to study the real-time change of flagellar beat frequency of sea-urchin or trout spermatozoa, as-well as the mean velocity of random particle Brownian motion under an optical microscope. He also invented a new method to observe sperm motion in a very thin (<100nm) water film. Takano executed the mathematical simulations of micro-flows. He compared the real bending rigidity of Vibrio flagella with that obtained by his own estimation with Kirchhoff Rod Theory as well as by the calculation of bending and twisting moment of the structures. He also showed the morphology variation of flagellar shaft of Salmonella flagella that are composed of protofilaments of two (R/L) types. Calculation of real bacterial motion is now tried by using slender-body theory for flagella and boundary element methods for bacterial cell bodies. Kobayashi has done computer and model simulation of eukaryotic flagellar motility. His computer simulation showed the propulsive velocity of flagella depends on intrinsic resistance for filament shearing and bending. The simulated model was practically tried in large scale models, where elastic fins (microtubules) were slid to each other by magnetic power units mimicking the sliding activity of dynein motor units. Suda executed studies on molecular mechanism of force generation by molecular motors. He first showed sliding motion could be mimicked by a liquid droplet placed on a surface when it had a surface tension gradient. He also executed the analysis how myosin (myosin coated surface) generates force along with its configuration changes. Using the same experimental system he analyzed load-dependency of surface attractant and repulsive forces. Shinohara started studies on new functional π-conjugated polymers. He showed how new STM/AFM techniques were valuable and powerful tools in the field of polymer sciences. He observed a single polymer molecule and showed its spectral fluctuation was coupled with Brownian motion in a molecular scale.

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  • Detection and manipulation of single bio-motor molecules : Technical innovation and applications.

    Grant number：09279104  1997 - 2000

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A) 

    KAMIMURA Shinji, SHIMAMOTO Nobuo, YANAGIDA Toshio, KINOSHITA Kazuhiko, OIWA Kazuhiro, UYEDA Taro q.p.

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    Grant amount： \195400000 （ Direct Cost: \195400000 ）

    During grant support for the project we executed several different kinds of research works on the biophysical and biochemical features of bio-motors. In particular our efforts were paid to develop novel techniques that enable us to approach directly to single molecular events. K.K. developed a novel technique to detect molecular orientation from fluorescence polarization, which was applied to observe helical motions of actin filaments on myosin fibers. T.Y. improved his technique to detect a single ATP molecule during force development by myosin and the applied experiments showed ca.100 ms of delay for the force generation after ATP binding suggesting an existence of energy-storing state of myosin. He also improved micro glass-needle technique to analyze force-velocity relationship of a single myosin under various experimental conditions. S.K. developed a new technique to record FRET of single molecules with real time resolution (ca.10 Hz time resolution). New trials using various kinds of other bio-motors were also carried out during the project. N.S. showed that sliding motion of E. coli trp-repressor on DNA strands enhanced its affinity towards specific DNA sequences and has started single-molecule analysis. Inter-molecular collision among RNA polymerases was also shown by N.S. to be very crucial for the initial formation of short RNA fragments. K.K found that the rotation steps of F1-ATPases being labeled with fluorescent actin was just 120 degrees and the observed speed was as high as 100 Hz. Although the following approaches were not such experiments using single bio-motors but new studies on various types of motor proteins were carried out. S.K. applied a caged-ATP technique to analyze force develapment by axonemal dynein and showed that dynein-ADP was the force-generating intermediate of during ATP hydrolysis. K.O. analyzed detailed features of inner dynein of Chlamydomonas. He found that dynein subspecies f was a motor molecule with an exceptionally high duty-ratio and that subspecies c was a processive motor. T.Q.P.U. found co-operativity between two head domains of myosin from the analysis of single-headed myosin motors. He also found cross bridge could be highly stabilized by G680V mutation in Dictyostelium myosin. Other novel techniques were developed during the project, e.g. novel fluorescent ATP analogues to detect the conformation changes of myosin (K.O.), an artificial system to reconstruct the active directional flow by bio-motors (T.Q.P.U.), a new AFM technique using sensitive-probes to detect surface charge differences (T.Y.), AFM detection of bio-oscillatory motion (S.K.) should be still preliminary but further studies for the applications should be awaited.

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  • Structure-Based Understanding of Diversity and Similarity of Cellular Motors

    Grant number：09279101  1997 - 2000

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A)  The University of Tokyo

    SUTOH Kazuo, TOYOSHIMA Yoko, KAMIYA Ritsu, KAMIMURA Shinji, OSAWA Fumio, EBASHI Setsuro

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    Grant amount： \126600000 （ Direct Cost: \126600000 ）

    This research was aimed at elucidating the characteristic functional properties of Motor proteins are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell locomotion, cell division, phagocytosis, endocytosis and vesicle transport. These motor proteins consist of three super-families ; myosin, kinesin and dynein. Although all of these proteins have the common function to change the chemical energy released by ATP hydrolysis to mechanical energy such as filament sliding and force, their in vitro and in vivo motor functions are surprisingly diverse. We have organized the reseairch project to understand the molecular mechanism of the diverse motor functions. To carry out the project, the following three research groups have been organized. (1) Searching for new motor proteins. (2) Dynamics of motor functions. (3) Single molecule imaging and manipulation. Besides these organized groups, individual researchers have been also recruited. To coordinate these researches, we have organized a meeting and a international conference each year. We have also devised various ways to enhance collaboration among the researchers in this project. This 4 year project has finally produced large number of important publications including many collaborative papers to which a number of members of this project have contributed.

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  • Comprehensive Research for Effective Promotion of Zoology in Japan

    Grant number：08304046  1996 - 1998

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Institute of biologival sciences, University of Tsukuba

    OKADA Masukichi, KAMIMURA Shinji, KANZAKI Ryohei, SHICHIDA Yoshinori, KAWAMURA Kazuo, ABE Shin-ichi

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    Grant amount： \5100000 （ Direct Cost: \5100000 ）

    (1) In fall of 1996, information about activities on the issue of science education was obtained by means of a questionnaire survey among heads of all branches of Zoological Society of Japan. In March of 1997, founding of Biology Union was proposed to aim exchange of informations, appeals and enlightenments toward external world.
    (2) 1997, homepage committee was organized as a subcommittee of the present one. The address of the homepage opened is http : //wwwsoc.nacsis.ac.jp/zsj/index-j.html. (3) In spring of 1997, a questionnaire survey on a review system of grants for scientific research was performed. In Oct. first forum on grants for scientific research was performed in Nara : Dr. C.Kai (Tokyo Univ.) and Mr. K.Endo (formerly the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports of Japan) presented lectures on the grant system. In May of 1998, second forum on grants for scientific research was performed in Yonago : Dr. M.Hayashi (Ochanomizu Univ.) and Mr. K.Miyajima (the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports of Japan) presented lectures on comparison of grant system for scientific research between Japan and United States. In Sep. third forum on grants for scientific research was performed in Hiroshima : Dr. N.Taniguchi (Osaka Univ.) and Mr. K.Endo (Japanese Society for Promotion of Science) and Dr. K.Masumoto (the Science Council of Japan) were invited as panelists to discuss about the issues about appropriate number of reviewers and scale of projects, and release of the judgements to applicants.
    (4) In Apr. of 1998, a proposal for promotion of zoology in Japan was presented : Enlightenments toward students, pos docs and teachers, improvements of several points to activate the annual meeting of Zoological Society of Japan, founding of P.R.committee for intensive P.R.acitivity in and out of the zoological society , and support of research activities by foreign students toward promotion of zoology in Asia, were proposed. (5) In Jan. of 1999, final meeting was held in Kyoto to summarize the activities of the third committe for future planning and discuss several issues remained. Proposal to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports of Japan on grant system for scientific research were also discussed.

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  • New investigation of intermolecular interaction of proteins using picometer precision microscope.

    Grant number：07558096  1995 - 1997

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  The University of Tokyo

    KAMIMURA Shinji

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    Grant amount： \13600000 （ Direct Cost: \13600000 ）

    In the present study we developed a new system of optical microscope having horizontal axis placed on an optical bench. There are many advantages to use the horizontal setup for the microscope, i.e.mechanical stability, flexible magnification using variable tube length of the microscope. Flexible setup for any other optical elements to be placed between objective and ocular lenses since there is no tube and stable micromanipulation is also possible. After improving time-resolution of the electronics for position detector, nm-pm precision of the measurement of specimen displacement with l0kHz rate was revealed to be possible. Two kinds of applications using the apparatus were carried out during the project. One is a precise analysis of the oscillatory motion of reactivated flagellar axonemes of sed-urchin spermatozoa. There revealed to be two distinct phases of motion ; a plateau phase which period depends on ATP concentration, and a quick sliding phase. The former and the latter would be related to ATP rebinding and dynein-tubulin interacting phase (power stroke state), respectively. The second experiment was to analyze microtubule sliding and force development during rapid UV-photolysis of caged-ATP.The observation suggest vanadate-insensitive dynein-ADP complex would be corresponding to the power-stroke intermediate of dynein.

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  • Study on kinesin motility with a nm-pm precision technique.

    Grant number：06044064  1994 　 　

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research  the University of Tokyo

    KAMIMURA Shinji, TRINCZEK Bernhard, MANDELKOW Eckhard

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    Grant amount： \5200000 （ Direct Cost: \5200000 ）

    Microtubule is one of the most important cytoskeletal components which support many cell functions including intra-cellular active transportation, cell motility and cell-shapes. We have carried out two main research works during this project. The first, a new assay system was developed to check the motile activity of kinesin-head domains. In this work we have compared the activity with that of native kinesin purified from pig brain. It was suggested that motor domain with 340 amino acid (from N-terminal) purified from transformed E.coli has the motion velocity of about one tenth of native kinesin. This new assay system can be applied to test any other different type of kinesin-heads. This work was done mainly in the laboratory in Max-Plank Institute in Hamburg. The second work was to improve the microscope system to measure a fine motion under optical microscope. Especially during the project we have improved the mechanical stability of optical microscope and measuring precision. Conventional microscopes have been designed to improve the quality of images but mechanical stability is not sufficient for our purpose to measure the nm-scale movement. We have designed a new optical microscope which has a horizontal optical axis. With combination of high-intensity laser-light source we have succeeded to get around 10 pm precision with better than 100kHz time resolution. The new microscope system will be used to analyze intra-molecular interaction between MAPs /motor proteins and microtubule proteins. The work of microscope improvement has been done mainly in the laboratory of Japan.

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  • 鞭毛軸系高速振動現象における力学・化学カップリングの解析

    Grant number：04740399  1992 　 　

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  奨励研究(A)  東京大学

    上村 慎治

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    Grant amount： \1000000 （ Direct Cost: \1000000 ）

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  • 滑り運動の多様性と統一性

    Grant number：01657001  1989 　 　

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  重点領域研究  名古屋大学

    神谷 律, 豊島 陽子, 茶圓 茂, 真行寺 千佳子, 上村 慎治, 今栄 康雄

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    Grant amount： \22000000 （ Direct Cost: \22000000 ）

    本研究は生体運動の共通原理を探るという立場から、細菌鞭毛、真核細胞鞭毛、原形質流動など筋肉以外の生体運動の機構を追及した。方法として、運動に関与した構造一つづつの動態を直視することを重視した。豊島は単離した骨格筋の太い繊維上をアクチン繊維が滑走するという試験管内運動系を開発し、アクチン繊維が双極性のミオシン繊維のどちらの半分とでも相互作用して滑ることができるという現象を観察した。これはアクチンとミオシンの相互作用にはこれまでの想像を超えた自由度があることを意味している。今栄は細菌鞭毛モーターの共有結果性阻害剤を開発し、その存在下で1個のモーターの挙動を追跡したところ、回転運動が段階的に阻害されていくことを見いだした。運動に関与したイオンチヤンネル1つづつが阻害されていく過程を捉えたものと考えられる。真行寺は真核生物の鞭毛に外力を加えてその応答を見る研究を行った。その結果、鞭毛の打つ面を人為的に回転させることができることを発見した。微小管滑り運動の調節という観点からきわめて興味深い現象である。上村は空間精度1nm、時間分解能1msecで運動を検出できる装置を開発し、上村と神谷はそれによって鞭毛軸糸内の微小な構造の揺らぎを検出する試みを行った。その結果、一見運動を停止している軸糸が、ATP存在下で、振幅1nm、周期300Hzという高速微小振動を行う現象を発見した。その振動数は個々のダイニンの動きを反映している可能性がある。今後、この現象の意味が明らかになれば、運動の分子機構の解明に大いに役立つ実験系になるであろう。この方法をアクチンーミオシン系など他の生体運動系に適用し、微少な運動の揺らぎをさまざまな条件下で検出/解析することにより、化学ー力学変換過程に関する新情報が得られる可能性がある。現在そのような試みが茶圓によって準備されている。来年度からの成果が待たれる。

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  • ベン毛などの運動の制御機構・基本構造・力学的な特性が生物進化でどんな意味付けができるのか探っています。

    1984 - 　

    基礎科学研究 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    真核生物の鞭毛・繊毛の運動の制御機構・基本構造・力学的な特性を調べ、この運動機構が、生物進化の上でどのような意味付けができるのか探っています。特に、真核生物は何故すべてが鞭毛・繊毛を持つに至ったのか（その子孫であるのか）、その利点と欠点を理解することで、真核生物の誕生の過程が解明できると考えています。

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  • Motility mechanisms and mechanical properties of eukaryote falagellum and its evolutional aspects.

    1984 - 　

    Basic Science Research Program 

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    Grant type：Competitive

    We are now investigating the mechanisms of regulation, structural and mechanical properties of eukaryotic cilia and flagella, expecting such studies would lead us to understand the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. A major question is why all the eukaryotes (or our ancient organisms) had to have cilia and flagella. We can know the answer to this question after the fundamental understanding of the advantage and disadvantage of the motile system of cilia and flagella.

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Committee Memberships

  • 2009 - 　

    (社)日本動物学会   評議員